Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards
What is the longest bone in the body?
Femur
What happens when you are “walking”?
- hip flexion
- hip extension
- pelvic girdle rotation
What is the largest joint in the body?
Knee joint
Which bone bears the most weight in the leg?
Tibia - medial
What is the function of fibula?
-serves as the attachment for knee joint structures
True or False
Fibula is NOT part of the knee joint
TRUE
True or False
Fibula does NOT articulate with femur or patella
TRUE
What are the functions of the patella?
- It is a mechanical advantage (in knee extension)
- Patella protects the sensitive knee joint
_______ provide static stability
Ligaments
_____ & _____ contractions produce dynamic stability
Quadriceps & hamstrings
What causes tears in the joints?
Significant compression & shear forces during rotation
ACL & PCL are vital in _______.
maintaining anterior and posterior stability, as well as rotary stability
MCL is vital in_____
maintaining medial stability by resisting valgus forces or preventing knee from being abducted
How far can a normal knee joint can extend?
extends to 180 degrees ( or 0 degrees flexion)
How far can a normal knee joint can flex?
Flexion occurs to about 140 degrees
How much degrees occur in internal rotation?
30 degrees
How much degrees occur in external rotation?
45 degrees
What is the Q angle?
- Central line of pull
- Runs from ASIS to the center of patella
- females generally have higher angles
What are the two phases in walking?
- Stance phase
- Swing phase
What happens in stance phase?
- Initial contact (heel strike)
- Loading response
- Midstance
- Terminal stance
- Preswing (toe off)
What happens during swing phase?
-Initial swing
-Midswing
-Terminal swing
OR
-occurs when foot leaves ground & leg moves forward to another point of contact
What is the difference between running and walking?
Walking = one foot is always in contact with the ground Running = point when neither foot is in contact with ground
What is “shin splits”?
common term describing painful leg condition often associated with running activities
The most common ankle sprain results from what?
Excessive inversion to the lateral ligamentous structures, primarily anterior talofibular ligament & calcaneofibular ligament
Which of the following groups of muscles are agonist in hip joint flexion?
psoas major, iliacus, pectineus, rectus femoris
Which of the following groups of muscles are most involved in hip joint extension?
gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
Which of the following muscles is an antagonist during internal rotation of the hip joint?
gluteus maximus
Which of the following muscles acts as an agonist during flexion of the hip joint?
rectus femoris
An action common to the biceps femoris and the adductor magnus is:
outward rotation of the hip joint
All of the hamstring muscles originate on the:
ischial tuberosity
The action common to all of the hamstring muscles is:
flexion of the knee joint
The origin of the rectus femoris is:
anterior inferior iliac spine
The _____ ligament provides lateral stability to the knee joint.
fibula collateral
The ____ ligament provides posterior stability to the knee joint.
posterior cruciate
What is the muscles in triceps surae?
two heads of gastrocnemius and one head of the soleus
