Structural Heart Defects

Question 1

what are the 4 abnormalities of tetralogy of fallot

Answer 1

• Ventricular septal dfecct
• pulmanoty sten
• hypertrophy of R ventricle
• Overridong aorta

Question 2

What is a ventricular septal defects

Answer 2

hole between L and R ventricles

Question 3

what occurs wih a ventricular septal defect

Answer 3

Blood shunts from L to R through the septum

Question 4

what is an atrial septal defect

Answer 4

Abnormal connection bretweeen atria
Secundum 90% and primum

Question 5

what are the clknical signs of atrial septal defects

Answer 5

• pulmonary flow murmur
• fixed split second heart sound
• Big pulmonary arteries on CXR
• Big heart on chest X ray

Question 6

how is an atrial septal defect closed

Answer 6

surgery
Percutaneous (key hole technique)

Question 7

which septal defect is commonly found in trisomy 21 (downs)

Answer 7

Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)

Question 8

what is patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 8

failure of ductus arteriosus to close

Question 9

what is coarctation of the aorta

Answer 9

narrowing of the aortia as site of insertion of ductur arteriousus

Question 10

what are the clinical signs of coarctation

Answer 10

• R arm hypertenision
• Bruits (buzzes) over the scapulae and back from collateral vessels
• Murmur