heart failure

Question 1

define heart faiure

Answer 1

• An inability of the heart to deliver blood (and O2) at a rate commensurate with the requirements of the metabolising tissues
• despite normal or increased cardiac filling pressures.

Question 1

what are some causes of heart failure

Answer 1

Myocardial disorfer
systemic hypertension
alchohol excess
cardiomyopathy
prericardial causes

Question 2

what are the sign of heart failure

Answer 2

Tachycardia
dusplaced apex beat
raised JVP
Added heart sounds and murmurs (3rd heart sound)
Hepatomegaly, especially if pulsatile and tender
Peripheral and sacral oedema
Ascites

Question 3

how do we class heart failure

Answer 3

class 1: asymptomatic
class2: mild HF = slight limitation
class3: marked limitation = medium
class 4: inability to carry out any physical activity without discomfort (severe)

Question 5

how do you treat HF

Answer 5

ACE inhibitors
MRA (Aldosterone receptor antagonists )
Beta blockers (Bisoprolol, Metoprolol, Nadolol, carvedilol.)

Lesser
-ivabradine (works on SA so doesn’t work in AF)