Structural Geology B (spring 2016) Flashcards
The formation of the Hawaiian Islands is an example of?
volcanoes forming over a hotspot
What type of power plant produces the most air pollution
coal
What type of power plant puts mercury into the air, lakes, and your food
coal
What type of power plant creates tons of radioactive waste?
nuclear
What type of power plant is how we make most of our electricity in the US?
coal
What type of power plant causes acid rain which pollutes our lakes and oceans?
coal
What type of power plant melts down and blows up if the power goes out
nuclear
What type of power plant needs no fuel to create electricity???
geothermal
What type of electricity is mostly used in Iceland?
geothermal
What type of electricity is the least common in the US?
geothermal
What type of power plant creates the least pollution and the least waste?
geothermal
What type of power plant was the cause of the Fukashima disaster in the Pacific?
nuclear
What type of fault would you expect to find in the rock of a divergent boundary?
Normal fault
What type of fault would you expect to find in the rock of a convergent boundary
reverse fault
What type of fault would you expect to find in the rock of a transform boundary
strike-slip fault
How can geologists obtain indirect evidence about Earth’s interior?
recording and studying seismic waves
If a volcano’s magma is high in silica, the volcano will probably
a. erupt explosively
b. remain dormant
c. erupt quietly
d. produce dark colored lava
a. erupt explosively
What do most geologists think that the movement of Earth’s plates is caused by?
convection currents in the mantle
A place where two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions, is known as
transform boundary
What drives the circulation of magma inside the Earth (called mantle convection)
Heat coming out of the core of the earth
Pahoehoe is
fast-moving, hot lava with a smooth surface
How does heat transfer within a fluid take place?
convection currents
A collision between two pieces of continental crust at the converging boundary produces a
mountain range
The huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain is called a
caldera
Continents are made of _____ which makes them _____dense
granite, less
What is Earths mantle made of
a layer of hot rock
What type of lava comes out of a volcano on a divergent plate boundary
basaltic
What type of lava comes out of a volcano on a convergent plate boundary
granitic
What type of lava comes out of a volcano on a transform plate boundary
There are no volcanoes on this boundary
Why is the Earth’s magnetic field present
flowing liquid iron in the core makes electricity
Why is old oceanic crust more dense than new oceanic crust
It is cool. (Materials contract when they are cool)
What type of evidence was NOT used by Alfred Wegener to support his continental drift hypothesis
a. evidence from climate
b. evidence from fossils
c. evidence from human remains
d. evidence from the shape of continents
c. evidence from human remains
The ocean floor is made of_____ which makes it _____ dense than the continents
basalt more
What technology did scientists use in the Mid-1900’s to map the depth of the ocean
sonar
We learned in class that the Earth’s magnetic field reverses the North and south pole on an average of ________ years
500,000
Earth’s magnetic field results from movements in the …
outer core
What type of volcanoes are formed at transform boundaries?
There are no volcanoes at transform boundaries
What is the name of the supercontinent that existed millions of years ago?
Pangea
Know the 7 steps of the Scientific Method
- State the Problem
- Gather information
- state the Hypothesis
- Design the experiment
- Conduct the experiment
- Analyze the results
- State your conclusions
What was Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift?
The continents were once joined together in a single landmass.
Life on Earth need a magnetic field to protect it from…
charged particles flying in from the sun that would cause cancer
A rising column of magma coming up from deep within the Earth is called…
a plume
In sea-floor spreading, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts where?
along mid-ocean ridges
What is the formation and breakup of supercontinents called?
A Wilson cycle
What is the transfer of energy through empty space called??
radiation
What happens to a convection current in the fluid when the heat source is removed?
The current will eventually stop
Which of the following helps to determine how easily magma flows
a. the size of the crater
b. the diameter of the pipe
c. the number of vents on the volcano
d. the amount of silica in the magma
d. the amount of the silica in the magma
What is the order of the the earth’s layers (starting from the surface)
crust - mantle -inner core - outer core
