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MWHS Earth Science > Structural Geology B (spring 2016) > Flashcards

Structural Geology B (spring 2016) Flashcards

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1
Q

The formation of the Hawaiian Islands is an example of?

A

volcanoes forming over a hotspot

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2
Q

What type of power plant produces the most air pollution

A

coal

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3
Q

What type of power plant puts mercury into the air, lakes, and your food

A

coal

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4
Q

What type of power plant creates tons of radioactive waste?

A

nuclear

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5
Q

What type of power plant is how we make most of our electricity in the US?

A

coal

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6
Q

What type of power plant causes acid rain which pollutes our lakes and oceans?

A

coal

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7
Q

What type of power plant melts down and blows up if the power goes out

A

nuclear

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8
Q

What type of power plant needs no fuel to create electricity???

A

geothermal

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9
Q

What type of electricity is mostly used in Iceland?

A

geothermal

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10
Q

What type of electricity is the least common in the US?

A

geothermal

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11
Q

What type of power plant creates the least pollution and the least waste?

A

geothermal

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12
Q

What type of power plant was the cause of the Fukashima disaster in the Pacific?

A

nuclear

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13
Q

What type of fault would you expect to find in the rock of a divergent boundary?

A

Normal fault

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14
Q

What type of fault would you expect to find in the rock of a convergent boundary

A

reverse fault

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15
Q

What type of fault would you expect to find in the rock of a transform boundary

A

strike-slip fault

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16
Q

How can geologists obtain indirect evidence about Earth’s interior?

A

recording and studying seismic waves

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17
Q

If a volcano’s magma is high in silica, the volcano will probably

a. erupt explosively
b. remain dormant
c. erupt quietly
d. produce dark colored lava

A

a. erupt explosively

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18
Q

What do most geologists think that the movement of Earth’s plates is caused by?

A

convection currents in the mantle

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19
Q

A place where two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions, is known as

A

transform boundary

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20
Q

What drives the circulation of magma inside the Earth (called mantle convection)

A

Heat coming out of the core of the earth

21
Q

Pahoehoe is

A

fast-moving, hot lava with a smooth surface

22
Q

How does heat transfer within a fluid take place?

A

convection currents

23
Q

A collision between two pieces of continental crust at the converging boundary produces a

A

mountain range

24
Q

The huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain is called a

A

caldera

25
Q

Continents are made of _____ which makes them _____dense

A

granite, less

26
Q

What is Earths mantle made of

A

a layer of hot rock

27
Q

What type of lava comes out of a volcano on a divergent plate boundary

A

basaltic

28
Q

What type of lava comes out of a volcano on a convergent plate boundary

A

granitic

29
Q

What type of lava comes out of a volcano on a transform plate boundary

A

There are no volcanoes on this boundary

30
Q

Why is the Earth’s magnetic field present

A

flowing liquid iron in the core makes electricity

31
Q

Why is old oceanic crust more dense than new oceanic crust

A

It is cool. (Materials contract when they are cool)

32
Q

What type of evidence was NOT used by Alfred Wegener to support his continental drift hypothesis

a. evidence from climate
b. evidence from fossils
c. evidence from human remains
d. evidence from the shape of continents

A

c. evidence from human remains

33
Q

The ocean floor is made of_____ which makes it _____ dense than the continents

A

basalt more

34
Q

What technology did scientists use in the Mid-1900’s to map the depth of the ocean

A

sonar

35
Q

We learned in class that the Earth’s magnetic field reverses the North and south pole on an average of ________ years

A

500,000

36
Q

Earth’s magnetic field results from movements in the …

A

outer core

37
Q

What type of volcanoes are formed at transform boundaries?

A

There are no volcanoes at transform boundaries

38
Q

What is the name of the supercontinent that existed millions of years ago?

A

Pangea

39
Q

Know the 7 steps of the Scientific Method

A
  1. State the Problem
  2. Gather information
  3. state the Hypothesis
  4. Design the experiment
  5. Conduct the experiment
  6. Analyze the results
  7. State your conclusions
40
Q

What was Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift?

A

The continents were once joined together in a single landmass.

41
Q

Life on Earth need a magnetic field to protect it from…

A

charged particles flying in from the sun that would cause cancer

42
Q

A rising column of magma coming up from deep within the Earth is called…

A

a plume

43
Q

In sea-floor spreading, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts where?

A

along mid-ocean ridges

44
Q

What is the formation and breakup of supercontinents called?

A

A Wilson cycle

45
Q

What is the transfer of energy through empty space called??

A

radiation

46
Q

What happens to a convection current in the fluid when the heat source is removed?

A

The current will eventually stop

47
Q

Which of the following helps to determine how easily magma flows

a. the size of the crater
b. the diameter of the pipe
c. the number of vents on the volcano
d. the amount of silica in the magma

A

d. the amount of the silica in the magma

48
Q

What is the order of the the earth’s layers (starting from the surface)

A

crust - mantle -inner core - outer core

MWHS Earth Science (11 decks)

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