Structural Geology A ( spring 2016) Flashcards
Most earthquake-related deaths and injuries result from
damage to building and other structures resulting in injury….
What are the layers of the earth from the outside in
crust
mantle
outer core
inner core
What does the temperature do as you go down inside the Earth?
The Earth gets hotter as you go down
What generates the Earth’s magnetic field?
Liquid metal flowing in the outer core
Know how to read earthquake recording stations
know the difference between p-waves and s-waves on the earthquake trace.
Earths mantle is made of…
a layer of hot rock
How do charged particles that are flying at us from the sun exit the Earth
They rocket back into space in jets at the magnetic poles
Know what the faults are
Normal
reverse know how to identify them
strike-slip
Know by looking what fault causes….
Tension
compression
shearing
Know how to match the layer of the Earth with the pressure in pounds per Square inch
There is the most pressure in the inner core and the least pressure in the crust
Why is a tsunami wave so deadly near shore and harmless out to sea?
As the wave enters shallow water it slows down and grows vertically
How does the Earth generate magnetism for the field?
Flowing metal is an electrical generator. Generating electricity generates a magnetic field
In a strike-slip fault, the rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways with little…
up or down motion
Know how to read a graph for how far apart in km the epicenter is from the seismograph
know how to read a graph
The magnetic field protects the ozone layer from solar radiation. Without the ozone most life would die from______
ultraviolet light killing our cells
Why is the Earth still molten after 4.5 billion years?
unstable radioactive atoms give off heat as they stabilize into other isotopes inside the Earth.
What type of earthquake can travel through both liquids and solids?
P waves
How do Geologists obtain indirect evidence about Earth’s interior?
by recording and studying seismic waves
What is a force that is pushing from opposite directions?
compression stress
What is a force that is pulling from opposite directions?
tension stress
What is a force that slides past each other in opposite directions?
shearing stress
What is a subtype of compression stress caused by the weight of the rocks above?
confining stress
Earthquakes are created when_____?
faults in the earths crust move
What composition makes the Earth’s crust?
Rock
What composition makes the Earth’s mantle?
Rock
What composition makes the Earth’s outer core?
Nickel and Iron
What composition make the Earth’s inner core?
Nickel and Iron
What waves can pass through the Earth’s crust
P and S waves
What waves can pass through the Earth’s mantle?
P and S waves
What waves can pass through the outer core?
P waves only
What waves can pass through the inner core?
P and S can travel through but only P waves ever arrive at this layer.
What is the consistency of the Earth’s crust?
solid
What is the consistency of the mantle?
half melted solid
What is the consistency of the outer core?
liquid
What is the consistency of the inner core
solid
What is another name of the Northern lights?
aurora borealis
