Structural Geology A ( spring 2016)

Question 1

Most earthquake-related deaths and injuries result from

Answer 1

damage to building and other structures resulting in injury….

Question 2

What are the layers of the earth from the outside in

Answer 2

crust
mantle
outer core
inner core

Question 3

What does the temperature do as you go down inside the Earth?

Answer 3

The Earth gets hotter as you go down

Question 4

What generates the Earth’s magnetic field?

Answer 4

Liquid metal flowing in the outer core

Question 5

Know how to read earthquake recording stations

Answer 5

know the difference between p-waves and s-waves on the earthquake trace.

Question 6

Earths mantle is made of…

Answer 6

a layer of hot rock

Question 7

How do charged particles that are flying at us from the sun exit the Earth

Answer 7

They rocket back into space in jets at the magnetic poles

Question 8

Know what the faults are

Answer 8

Normal
reverse know how to identify them
strike-slip

Question 9

Know by looking what fault causes….

Answer 9

Tension
compression
shearing

Question 10

Know how to match the layer of the Earth with the pressure in pounds per Square inch

Answer 10

There is the most pressure in the inner core and the least pressure in the crust

Question 11

Why is a tsunami wave so deadly near shore and harmless out to sea?

Answer 11

As the wave enters shallow water it slows down and grows vertically

Question 12

How does the Earth generate magnetism for the field?

Answer 12

Flowing metal is an electrical generator. Generating electricity generates a magnetic field

Question 13

In a strike-slip fault, the rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways with little…

Answer 13

up or down motion

Question 14

Know how to read a graph for how far apart in km the epicenter is from the seismograph

Answer 14

know how to read a graph

Question 15

The magnetic field protects the ozone layer from solar radiation. Without the ozone most life would die from______

Answer 15

ultraviolet light killing our cells

Question 16

Why is the Earth still molten after 4.5 billion years?

Answer 16

unstable radioactive atoms give off heat as they stabilize into other isotopes inside the Earth.

Question 17

What type of earthquake can travel through both liquids and solids?

Answer 17

P waves

Question 18

How do Geologists obtain indirect evidence about Earth’s interior?

Answer 18

by recording and studying seismic waves

Question 19

What is a force that is pushing from opposite directions?

Answer 19

compression stress

Question 20

What is a force that is pulling from opposite directions?

Answer 20

tension stress

Question 21

What is a force that slides past each other in opposite directions?

Answer 21

shearing stress

Question 22

What is a subtype of compression stress caused by the weight of the rocks above?

Answer 22

confining stress

Question 23

Earthquakes are created when_____?

Answer 23

faults in the earths crust move

Question 24

What composition makes the Earth’s crust?

Answer 24

Rock

Question 25

What composition makes the Earth’s mantle?

Answer 25

Rock

Question 26

What composition makes the Earth’s outer core?

Answer 26

Nickel and Iron

Question 27

What composition make the Earth’s inner core?

Answer 27

Nickel and Iron

Question 28

What waves can pass through the Earth’s crust

Answer 28

P and S waves

Question 29

What waves can pass through the Earth’s mantle?

Answer 29

P and S waves

Question 30

What waves can pass through the outer core?

Answer 30

P waves only

Question 31

What waves can pass through the inner core?

Answer 31

P and S can travel through but only P waves ever arrive at this layer.

Question 32

What is the consistency of the Earth’s crust?

Answer 32

solid

Question 33

What is the consistency of the mantle?

Answer 33

half melted solid

Question 34

What is the consistency of the outer core?

Answer 34

liquid

Question 35

What is the consistency of the inner core

Answer 35

solid

Question 36

What is another name of the Northern lights?

Answer 36

aurora borealis