Strokes Flashcards
Ischemic strokes are caused by what?
interruption in blood flow caused by a blood clot or narrowing of the arteries
Ischemic Strokes are divided into what 3 categories?
Large-artery thrombotic stroke
Embolic Stroke
Small penetrating artery thrombotic stroke
What are Hemorrhagic Strokes?
A ruptured artery resulting is bleeding in or around the brain
Causes of Hemorrhagic Strokes
- aneurysm bursts
- uncontrolled HTN
- old age
What happens with Ischemic Cascade?
The brain cells switch to anaerobic metabolism, generating large amounts of lactic acid/glautamate causing a change in pH
What are Large-artery Thrombotic Strokes caused by?
Atherosclerotic plaques in the large blood vessels of the brain
Thrombus formation/occlusion can occur at the site of the atherosclerosis and result in what?
Ischemia and Infarction
What is the most common type of ischemic stroke?
Small Penetrating Artery Thrombotic Stroke
Small penetrating artery thrombotic strokes are typically caused by what?
- longstanding HTN
- hyperlipidemia
- diabetes
Cardiac Embolic strokes are associated w/ what?
- Arrhythmias like A-fib
- valvular heart disease
- left ventricular thrombus
What are Cryptogenic Strokes?
Strokes w/ no identifiable cause
Strokes from Other Causes
drugs (cocaine)
coagulopathies
migraine
spontaneous dissection
Risk Factors for Stroke (STROKES HAPPEN)
S-smoking T-thinners R-rhythms O-oral contraceptives K-kin/family E-excessive weight S-senior citizens H-HTN A-atherosclerosis P-physical inactivity P-previous TIA E-elevated glucose (diabetes) N-aNeurysm
What is a TIA?
“Mini Stroke”
a brief episode of neurologic dysfunction
TIA are results from what?
Focal cerebral ischemia, but NOT associated w/ permanent cerebral infarction
What are the 2 subtypes of Hemorrhagic Strokes?
Intracerebral and subarachnoid
How long does a nurse have to administer TPA to help break up the clot and resolve the stroke?
3 hours from the time the S/S start