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Critical Care Nursing > Cardiac/Circulatory Assessment > Flashcards

Cardiac/Circulatory Assessment Flashcards

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1
Q

Apex of Heart

A

“Point of maximal impulse”

-pulsation caused by contraction can be felt

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2
Q

Where is the apex of the heart located?

A

Midclavicular line of chest wall at 5th intercostal space

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3
Q

What is the primary pacemaker of the heart?

A

Sinoatrial node

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4
Q

Depolarization

A

“Atrial Kick”

Contraction of the stimulated myocardium

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5
Q

Diastole

A

the period in which the atria and ventricles are in a relaxed state; allowing ventricles to fill w/ blood

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6
Q

Systole

A

period of myocardial contraction

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7
Q

Is pressure in the ventricles increased or decreased during Diastole?

A

Decreased

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8
Q

Decreased pressure in the ventricles during Diastole causes what?

A

the AV Valves (tricuspid in right/mitral in left) to open and let blood flow into ventricles

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9
Q

Is pressure increased or decreased during Ventricular Systole?

A

Increased

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10
Q

Increased pressure in the ventricles during Ventricular Systole causes what?

A

Closes AV valves and forces pulmonic valve on right and aortic valve on left to open

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11
Q

What is Cardiac Output?

A

refers to the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in liters per minute

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12
Q

What is the average Cardiac Output for an adult?

A

4-6 L/min

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13
Q

What is the stroke volume?

A

amount of blood ejected w/ each heartbeat

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14
Q

What is the average stroke volume?

A

70 mL

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15
Q

What may cause a decrease in stroke volume?

A
  • dehydration
  • diuretics
  • nitrates
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16
Q

How would you increase a patients stroke volume?

A

Giving fluids-Normal Saline

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17
Q

If the patients heart rate is decreased what does that mean for the cardiac output?

A

It is decreased

18
Q

What is the preload?

A
  • Amount of volume coming to the heart

- pressure generated in the ventricles at the end of diastole

19
Q

If the preload increases what happens to the stroke volume?

A

Increases

20
Q

How do you want to treat preload in a patient w/ HF?

A

Decrease w/ fluid restriction, diuretics, nitrates

21
Q

How to tell if a patient has a Pericardial Friction Rub

A
  • ask them to hold their breath and if the noise is still heard it is positive
  • count the rate; should be 70 or more/min
22
Q

Pericardial Friction Rub

A

Fluid in the pericardial space

23
Q

How to tell if patient has a Pleural Friction Rub

A
  • should not be able to hear noise when they hold their breath
  • rate 14-18 per/min
24
Q

Common CVD S/S

A
  • chest pain/discomfort
  • dizziness/syncope/change in LOC
  • palpations/tachycardia
  • peripheral edema
  • SOB/dyspnea
  • fatigue
25
Q

Where is the Aortic Area/Valve found?

A

second intercostal space to the right of the sternum

26
Q

Where is the Pulmonic Area/Valve found?

A

second intercostal space left sternal border

27
Q

Where is the Tricuspid Area/Valve found?

A

fourth ad fifth intercostal space LSB

28
Q

Where is the Mitral Area/Valve Found?

A

Left fifth intercostal space at midclavicular line

29
Q

The first heart sound is created from what?

A

The closing of the Tricuspid and mitral valve

30
Q

When is the second heart sound created?

A

Closing of the pulmonic and aortic valves

31
Q

What types of drugs are used to treat CVD?

A
  • positive inotrope
  • negative inotrope
  • positive chronotrope
  • negative chronotrope
32
Q

Positive Inotrope

A

increases myocardial contractility

33
Q

Negative Inotrope

A

decreases myocardial contractility

34
Q

Positive Chronotrope

A

increases heart rate

35
Q

Negative Chronotrope

A

decreases heart rate

36
Q

How does the blood flow during Diastole?

A

Flows from left & right atrium to ventricle through mitral and tricuspid valve
-SA node stimulates atrium; causes P wave

37
Q

What happens during P Wave?

A

atrium is depolarized and contracts forcing rest of blood into ventricles

38
Q

When does diastole end?

A

all the blood is in the ventricles and pressure increases in ventricles causing Mitral and Tricuspid Valve to close
-systole begins

39
Q

How does Systole and blood flow work?

A

“QRS” wave

  • aortic and pulmonic valves open; blood flows out and pressure in ventricles decrease
  • valves close and diastole begins again
40
Q

How can preload be increased?

A

controlling the loss of blood or body fluids and replacing fluids

Critical Care Nursing (14 decks)

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