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Neurology > Strokes > Flashcards

Strokes Flashcards

1
Q

Fourth leading cause of death in the US

A

stroke

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2
Q

Most common area for strokes

A

anterior circulation from internal carotid (2/3)

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3
Q

Most common type of stroke

A

ischemic (80%)

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4
Q

What does FAST stand for?

A

facial drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulty, time to call 911

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5
Q

Most commonly affected vessel of anterior strokes

A

middle cerebral artery (96%)

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6
Q

Sx include: Amaurosis fugax, Face-hand-arm-leg hemiparesis, Aphasia/dysarthria

A

Anterior circulation stroke

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7
Q

Arteries that make up posterior circulation

A

Vertebral artery, Basilar artery, Posterior cerebral arteries

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8
Q

Sx include: apraxia, aphasia, contralateral hemiplegia in face-arm-leg, person doesn’t recognize their body

A

MCA occlusion

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9
Q

What circulation supplies the brainstem, thalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum, visual cortex, temporal lobes, occipital lobe?

A

posterior circulation

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10
Q

Where are CN III and IV located?

A

midbrain

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11
Q

Where are CN V, VI, VII, VIII located?

A

pons

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12
Q

Where are CN IX, X, XI, XII located?

A

medulla

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13
Q

Mortality associated with basilar artery occlusion

A

90%

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14
Q

Sx include: vertigo, diplopia, sensorimotor deficits, dysarthria, ataxia

A

posterior circulation stroke

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15
Q

What kind of stroke can have Ipsilateral face and contralateral limbs involvement?

A

Posterior circulation stroke

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16
Q

5 D’s of posterior stroke

A

Dizziness, Diplopia, Dysarthria, dysphagia, dystaxia

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17
Q

Sx include: HA, ataxia, nausea/vomiting, paralysis in tongue and swallowing all ipsilateral, Ipsilateral face and contralateral body

A

Vertebro-Basilar posterior circulation occlusion

18
Q

What type of stroke is more likely to have a severe HA?

A

hemorrhagic

19
Q

Secondary to the lenticulostriate arteries off the MCA

A

Lacunar strokes

20
Q

Type of stroke where patients deteriorate more rapidly and have H.A., N/V, and decreased consciousness as prominent signs

A

hemorrhagic stroke

21
Q

Type of hemorrhagic stroke that bleeds directly into brain tissue from small arterioles or arteries

A

Intracerebral

22
Q

Etiologies include: HTN, trauma, bleeding diathesis, vascular malformations (ruptured saccular aneurysms), AVM’s

A

intracerebral stroke

23
Q

Arteries and veins connected in such a way that there is no capillary bed at all resulting in higher than normal pressures in the veins

A

AVMs

24
Q

Type of hemorrhagic stroke due to rupture of an artery with bleeding onto the surface of the brain

A

subarchnoid hemorrhage

25
Q

Number one cause of subarchnoid hemorrhage

A

Aneurysm

26
Q

Sx include: worst HA of life, maximum intensity at onset, phono or photophobia, papillary edema

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

27
Q

Most common causes of intracerebral hemorrhage

A

Hypertension, Amyloid angiopathy

28
Q

Drugs associated with hemorrhagic stroke

A

amphetamine and cocaine

29
Q

Characterized by impaired ability to speak and understand others and experience difficulty reading and writing

A

aphasia

30
Q

Type of aphasia where speech output is reduced to less than four words and difficulty reading/writing. Comprehension is intact

A

Broca’s aphasia (expressive aphasia)

31
Q

Type of aphasia in persons who are left with a persistent inability to supply words for the things that they want to talk about.

A

anomic aphasia

32
Q

Type of aphasia characterized by few recognizable words, Understands little or no spoken speech, Can neither read or write

A

global aphasia

33
Q

What vessel supplies Broca’s area?

A

superior division L MCA

34
Q

What vessel supplies Wernicke’s area?

A

inferior division of the L MCA

35
Q

Aphasia where speech is fluent but meaningless and individual is unaware of language errors. Comprehension is poor

A

Wernicke’s aphasia (receptive aphasia)

36
Q

What imaging should be ordered for acute work-up of stroke?

A

noncontrast brain CT

37
Q

Tasks covered by right hemisphere

A

analytical and perceptual

38
Q

Tasks covered by left hemisphere

A

speech and language

39
Q

Timeframe for treating strokes

A

window of opportunity is to treat stroke patients within 3-4.5 hrs. Patients need to get to hospital within 60 minutes

40
Q

After what period of time post stroke is complete recovery of aphasia unlikely

A

If symptoms last longer than two or three months

41
Q

NIH stroke scale classifications

A

0-no stroke. 1-4: minor stroke. 5-15: moderate stroke. 16-20: moderate to severe stroke. 21-42: severe

42
Q

Absent pulse in radial or carotid points to a diagnosis of….

A

Atherosclerosis with Thrombosis

Neurology (16 decks)

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