Misc Neuro Disorders

Question 1

Where are the areas of demyelination associated with MS located?

Answer 1

scattered in the white matter of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve

Question 2

What is the most frequent earliest manifestation of MS?

Answer 2

optic neuritis

Question 3

Where does no population with a high risk for MS exist?

Answer 3

between latitudes 40N and 40S

Question 4

Clinical course of MS changes so that a steady deterioration occurs, unrelated to acute relapses

Answer 4

Secondary progressive disease

Question 5

MS course that is Less common, Steady progression from onset. Disability develops at a relatively early stage

Answer 5

Primary progressive disease

Question 6

How many patients with MS is the MRI clinically definite?

Answer 6

85%

Question 7

What can be helpful in diagnosing MS if MRI is inconclusive?

Answer 7

CSF- elevated IgG, protein, myelin antibodies

Question 8

Mainstay of tx for acute MS exacerbations

Answer 8

corticosteroids

Question 9

Pharm tx that can modify the course of MS

Answer 9

Immune modifiers-Interferon 1a, Interferon 1b, Glatiramer acetate

Question 10

Immunosuppressants used for progressive MS

Answer 10

Methotrexate (Rheumatrex), Cyclophosphomide (Cytoxan), Mitoxantrone (Novantrone), Azathioprine (Imuran)

Question 11

NOT caused by problems in the muscles or nerves. caused by abnormalities in parts of the brain that control muscle movements

Answer 11

cerebral palsy

Question 12

secondary orthopedic deformities, such as hip dislocation and scoliosis of the spine, are commonc

Answer 12

cerebral palsy

Question 13

most common type of CP

Answer 13

spastic (70%)

Question 14

type of CP where patients have trouble holding themselves in an upright, steady position for sitting or walking

Answer 14

Athetoid or Dyskinetic CP

Question 15

Type of CP characterized by Hypotonia and tremors. Problems with balance, especially while walking

Answer 15

Ataxia CP

Question 16

classical sx of CP

Answer 16

Spasticity, Unsteady gait, Dysarthria, decreased muscle mass

Question 17

lack of muscle coordination when performing voluntary movements (ataxia). stiff or tight muscles and exaggerated reflexes (spasticity)

Answer 17

most common manifestations of CP

Question 18

when are most children with CP diagnosed?

Answer 18

by 18 months (missed milestones, floppy tone, abnormal reflex)

Question 19

when should babies develop hand preference?

Answer 19

not develop a hand preference until at least 12 months of age

Question 20

Prognosis of CP

Answer 20

Brain damage does not progress. Symptoms DO become worse

Question 21

incurable fatal neuromuscular disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness, resulting in paralysis.

Answer 21

ALS

Question 22

cause of death for most people with ALS

Answer 22

respiratory failure

Question 23

disease that mimics ALS in veterans and pro athletes

Answer 23

a chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Question 24

earliest sx of ALS

Answer 24

Obvious weakness or muscle atrophy

Question 25

key to diagnosis of ALS

Answer 25

presence of upper and lower motor neuron signs in a single limb

Question 26

pharm tx for ALS

Answer 26

Riluzole (Rilutek)

Question 27

Cause of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Answer 27

chronic alcoholism; Deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1)

Question 28

Characteristics of Wernicke-Korsakoff

Answer 28

Confusion, Amnesia, Confabulation**

Question 29

Tx of Wernicke-Korsakoff

Answer 29

supplemental thiamine IV/IM then move to PO.

Question 30

Why should you start thiamine tx before giving any glucose?

Answer 30

the encephalopathy will be worsened by the glucose