Stroke Flashcards
Stroke is the ____ leading cause of death in Canada.
stroke
Each year, more women than men die from stroke (T/F).
TRUE
Stroke is the leading cause of adult ___-____ disability in the world.
long-term
What are 6 modifiable risk factors for stroke?
- hypertension
- cardiac disease
- diabetes
- cholesterol
- smoking
- obesity
BP over what levels increases risk of stroke?
> 160/95
TIA is a warning sign but may also cause lasting damage (T/F)
TRUE
In a TIA, neurological deficits will resolve within ___ hours but may only last a few minutes.
24
___% of people who have a TIA have a recurrence in 1 year.
80
___% of people who have a TIA have a clinically significant stroke within 30 days after TIA.
20
Neurophysiological changes after TIA last at least ___ weeks.
2
Ischemic strokes = ___% of strokes
80
______ = occluding plaque, slower, symptoms evolve.
thrombosis
______ infarct = 20%, and there is a high rate of cognitive changes associated with these types of strokes
lacunar
_______ stroke = subgroup of ischemic stroke
lacunar
Lacunar stroke = smaller than ___ cm
1
Lacunar strokes are associated with what 2 co-morbidities?
- hypertension
2. diabetes
Lacunar strokes involve the small perforating _______.
arteries
Subcortical location and small infarction = pure ____ and _____ deficits.
motor; sensory
Embolic strokes = ___-__%, and can be air or water
20-30
Do embolic strokes have any warning?
no
What are the two types of strokes?
- ischemic
2. hemorrhagic
Hemorrhagic strokes = ___% of strokes
20
Hemorrhagic strokes = _____ and _____-____ malformation.
aneurysm; arteriole-venous
Stroke has an _____ onset, but then slowly progress over minutes to hours.
abrupt
If you get to the hospital between 1-3 hours after stoke you can be treated with what?
tissue plasminogen activator
______ score used to predict progression of stroke and risk of recurrent stroke.
ABCD
What is the ABCD score?
A: age
B: blood pressure
C: clinical features
D: duration
A higher score on the ABCD score would indicate a worse risk (T/F).
True
What are 2 arterial factors that contribute to stroke?
- vessel walls
2. damaged vessels
What is a site in the brain that may have congenital malformation?
circle of willis
What are 4 venous factors that contribute to stroke?
- Tendency for a persons blood to clot quickly
- Irritation or inflammation of the inner lining of the vein
- Slow or sluggish flow of blood through deep veins
- Deep vein thrombosis
Anastomoses between ____ and ____ often help preserve leg motor and sensory function after stroke.
ACA; MCA
What 2 arteries are at risk in the neck?
- vertebral arteries
2. internal carotid
The vertebral and internal carotid artery can suffer spontaneous or traumatic injury (T/F).
TRUE
______ _____ = area of marginal perfusion
ischemic penumbra
______ and ______ neurons are sensitive to ischemia.
cerebellar; hippocampus
In response to an ischemic stroke, there is excess extracellular _____ ______.
glutamate apoptosis
_____-_____ degeneration occurs in response to ischemic stroke.
trans-neuronal
When ____ receptors are blocked, glutamate uptake is reduced and outcome improves.
NMDA
Higher dose, very early mobilization provolone was associated with a _____ in the odds of a favourable outcome at 3 months.
reduction
When giving TIA, the stroke cannot be ______.
hemorrhagic
TIA can salvage _______ tissue if given within 3 hours of onset.
pneunbral
What are 4 ways to prevent a recurrent stroke?
- anticoagulation therapies
- lipid lowering agents
- lifestyle changes
- exercise
What are the outcomes for stroke?
- 25% minor impairment
- 50% moderate to severe
- 20-30% recover poorly and die by one year
__________ stroke better for long term prognosis for functional recovery.
hemorrhagic
Integrity of ________ motor output system is critical particularly for fractioned movement of the fingers
pyramidal
Even a small injury in the ______ ______ is very significant.
corona radiata.
____ ______ structure after stroke predicts change associated with motor learning.
white matter
Focal lesion to Broca’s area = _____ aphasia.
expressive
Focal lesion to Wernickes area = ________ aphasia.
receptive
Apraxia = motor disorder caused by lesion to _______ _____ lobe.
posterior parietal
________ apraxia = can explain an action, perform it voluntarily but not complete movements on command.
ideomotor
_______ apraxia = cannot draw shapes
constructional
_________ apraxia = cannot create a motor plan to carry out complex actions; loss of ability to relate objects to their use,
ideational
The ________ capacity of the brain is highly reliant on high doses of skilled movement.
adaptive
Drugs that induce neuroplasticity are commonly used in stroke (T/F).
FALSE; drugs that induce neuroplasticity do not exist
