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Nursing Test 3 > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

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0
Q

What makes you able to still try to perfuse to the brain if something is blocked

A

Circle of Willis

Circulation is all connected

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1
Q

What does stroke deal with

A

Perfusion

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2
Q

How much of cardiac output is needed to go to the brain for optimal functioning

A

20%

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3
Q

What happens if there is increased blood flow, swelling, etc and it squeezes out at brainstem

A

Often results in death

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4
Q

What is a major cause of strokes

A

Atherosclerosis

Hardening and thickening of arteries

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5
Q

If an artery is described as having laminar flow, we know that is

A

Good, no blockages or swelling of arteries

Turbulent flow is bad

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6
Q

Where is a major spot for clots

A

Middle cerebral artery (branches off near circle of Lewis)

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7
Q

Cerebrovascular disease ranks ____ as a cause of death in USA and ____ cause of permanent disability in the USA

A

3rd

1st

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8
Q

Definition of stroke

A

Brain injury caused by sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain

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9
Q

Modifiable risk factors for stroke

A 
Smoking
Diabetic
Hyperlipidemia 
Hypertension 
Heart disease 
Obesity
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10
Q

Non modifiable risk factors for strokes

A

Age (doubles for every decade over 65)
Race (African Americans > whites)
Possibly heredity

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11
Q

Time lost =

A

Brain lost

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12
Q

What does F A S T stand for in trying to detect a stroke

A

F- face (symmetric)
A- arm (strength and movement)
S- speech (patterns and understanding)
T- time (= brain; call squad, do not drive)

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13
Q

TIA (transient ischemic attack) is a mini or silent stroke. What is it caused by

A

Temporary interruption in blood supply to the brain

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14
Q

Amaurosis is

A

Temporary blindness of one eye (related to a stroke)

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15
Q

How quickly will one recover from a TIA

A

24 hours

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16
Q

Approximately ____ of all strokes are preceded by a TIA

A

1/3

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17
Q

What are the two types of strokes

A

Ischemic (most common)

Hemorrhage (spontaneous bleeding in brain)

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18
Q

What are the two types of ischemic strokes

A

Thrombotic

Embolic ( always starts from heart)

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19
Q

Why is someone with a fib. At risk for a stroke

A

Your heart beats so fast and doesn’t pump out much of the blood. It forms a pool in your atrium and clots form. If a clot then gets pumped out it could cause an Embolic stroke

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20
Q

What should you know about a CAT scan with a stroke pt

A

Should be done within 30 minutes of arriving

Do not use contrast

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21
Q

Thrombotic stroke

A

Blood clot forms in artery of brain and obstructs blood flow

Symptoms progress in first 72 hours as damage increases

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22
Q

Embolic strokes

A

Blood clot travels to brain
Most often associated with cardiac disorders
Onset is sudden

23
Q

Where is the most common site for emboli to lodge

A

Middle cerebral artery

24
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

Intracerebral hemorrhage

A

Occurs when a blood vessel in or around brain ruptures (rupture of an aneurysm)

25
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Bleeding in brain fills the cerebrospinal fluid-filled space on the surface of the brain (rupture of an aneurysm)

“Worst headache of my life”

26
Q

What are two signs that determine you may be having a hemorrhagic stroke

A

Vomiting w/o being nauseous

Can’t touch chin to neck

27
Q

What is the primary diagnostic test for strokes

A

CT

28
Q

Cerebral angiogram/ arterial gram

A

Shows blood flow through arteries

You can see where clot is or where blood is leaking

29
Q

Change in anything neuro tells change in

A

Perfusion

30
Q

Ipselsteral

A

Occurring on same side

31
Q

Contra lateral

A

Opposite side sees the symptoms

32
Q

Clinical manifestations of a stroke

Motor function

A

Mobility
Respiratory function
Swallow and speech
Gag reflux problem

33
Q

Left brain damage will be seen on

A

Right side of body

34
Q

Aphasia

A

Loss of the power of expression

35
Q

Expressive aphasia

A

Difficulty speaking or writing

Broca’s area affected (motor speech)

36
Q

Receptive aphasia

A

Difficulty in understanding written or spoken language

Wernicke’s area affected

37
Q

Dysarthria

A

Disturbance of the muscular control of speech

38
Q

Broca’s area and wernicke’s area is on the ____ side of the body

A

Left

39
Q

Clinical manifestations of a stroke

Affect

A

Difficulty controlling emotions
Depression
Loss/change in body image
Inappropriate responses

40
Q

If stroke on left side they know what is going on. Stroke on right side

A

Neglect of whole side

41
Q

Spatial-perceptual alterations of a stroke

A

Incorrect perception of self or illness
Homonymous hemianopsia
Agnosia( inability to recognize objects)

42
Q

Homonymous hemianopsia

A

Blindness occurs in same half of the visual fields of both eyes

43
Q

Elimination can be affected by strokes

A

Increased incontinence

Increased constipation d/t decreased sensation

44
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Weakness of one side

Numb/ tingling feeling

45
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis on one side of body

46
Q

Ataxia

A

Failure of muscular coordination

47
Q

Alexia

A

Reading problems

48
Q

Agraphia

A

Writing problems

49
Q

Agnosia

A

Difficulty using an object correctly

50
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

51
Q

Hypotonia

A

Flaccidity

52
Q

Hypertonia

A

Spasticity

53
Q

If your pt has a speech problem assume

A

They have a swallowing problem

NPO

54
Q

Right brain damage causes

A 
Left side paralyzed 
Quick, impulsive behavior 
Memory deficits: performance 
Neglect of left side of body 
Impaired sense of humor and judgement 
Loss of depth perception
55
Q

Left side brain damage causes

A 
Paralyzed right side 
Slow, cautious behavior 
Memory deficit: language
Distress and depression about disability 
Easily frustrated
Aphasia, reading problem 
Difficulty writing

Nursing Test 3 (10 decks)

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