GI Lab Flashcards by Bailey Pontius

What things should you avoid 1-2 days before Guiac testing

Red meats and things that would make test turn +

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What does Guiac Testing test for

Occult blood

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What color does a positive Guiac test turn

Blue

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What should you confirm with females before Guiac testing

That they are not mensturating

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What should stool specimens not be contaminated with

Urine

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C&S or ova and parasites 
Solid stool:
Liquid stool: 
Container:
To lab:

Solid stool: 1 inch of solid stool
Liquid stool: 15-30 ml
Container: should be sterile
To lab: immediately, needs to be warm

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What do enemas stimulate

Peristalsis using high volume or irritating solution

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Enemas are the installation of liquid into the ______and ________

Rectum and sigmoid colon

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What type of enema would you not give somebody with CHF

Tap water. They would gain fluid

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Characteristics of tap water enema

High volume hypotonic; water leaves bowel and enters interstitial space; risk of fluid overload

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Normal saline enema characteristics

High volume; isotonic; no fluid exchange

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Characteristics of soap suds enema

Intestinal irritant added to either tap water or normal saline

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Characteristics of a fleet enema

Low volume; irritating hypertonic solution; pulls fluid into bowel, causing distention; not for dehydrated patients

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How is a oil retention enema different

Client instructed to retain as long as possible- at least 30 min up to 2 hours

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What does the oil retention enema do

Lubricates rectum & colon; feces absorb oil & soften

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What would be done before a big surgery to make sure no stool in bowel

“Enemas until clear”

Give cleansing enema until only clear fluid expelled, no more than 3

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What do you use to lubricate for a enema

Water soluble lubricant

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How far do you insert for an enema

3-4 inches . You have to get past sphincter for liquids to stay in

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What is procedure for Fleets & Pre-packaged enemas

Squeeze container until empty

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Procedure for giving a volume enema

Warm solution to 100-105 degrees F
prime tubing
bag held MAX of 24 inches above hips
NEVER on an IV pole
instill slowly

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What will happen if you put a enema in fast

Cramps

Indications of digital removal of stool

Impacted mass

What can digital removal of stool cause

Irritation, bleeding, vagal stimulation (slows HR)

Where does a NG tube go

Nose to stomach

What is a NG tube used for

Used for suction or feeding & meds

Measurement for a NG tube

Nose to earlobe to xiphoid process

When inserting a NG tube and client feels tube at back of throat what should you have them do?

Swallow

Where should a NG tube enter? Where should it not enter? Why?

Should enter esophagus,not the lungs. This is because epiglottis is closed

Indications that a NG tube is in lung

Respiratory distress | Coughing

What should you do with a accidental respiratory NG tube placement?

Take out and start over

When must you verify NG tube placement

Initial placement and then before any feeding or meds

How should you verify initial NG tube at the bedside

#1 assess the patients respiratory response *causes gagging and discomfort, NOT coughing #2 assessment of gastric contents *pull back and see what is there

What color is normal fluid when aspirating Stomach: ? Lungs: ?

Stomach : grassy green, off-white, tan, clear; may have undigested food particles or formula Lungs: clear or slightly tan, like mucus

How to use pH to confirm NG tube placement

Stomach: pH of 0-4 or 5 Lungs: pH 6 or higher *problem with this is locating pH paper

What is only absolute placement verification

X-Ray | Upper abdomen/KUB

When securing a NG tube what should you do

- Tape carefully, without tension on nares | - mark the level of the tube at the nose with a permanent marker & measure external portion

When is a NG suction used

When GI tract is not functioning

What should you attach NG suction to? Why?

Attach to low intermittent suction it causes less trauma to stomach and mucosal lining

What is a Blue "pigtail" on Salem sump used for

Used for NOTHING | it's function is a air vent that allows air exchange which reduces the pressure of auctioning on stomach lining

What is a NI tube? Where is it placed?

Nasointestinal tube The end of the tube is weighted with mercury Placement into stomach

Why is a NI tube secured What position should pt be in? How long does it take?

Secured so that peristalsis can carry it past sphincter into intestine 24-48 hrs, position on right side, semi-Fowlers

What must a patient have to use enteral (tube) feedings

Functional GI tract

What is preferred IV or tube feedings?

Tube feedings

What are two choices for tube feedings

Stomach or intestinal

Which type of tube feeding can only be given as a continuous drip

Intestinal

Which type of tube feeding is more natural

Stomach

What should you do when checking residual of a stomach tube feeding

If > 50% of last feed, return residual and hold feeding. Call dr for order

Is there residual with intestinal tube feeding

No residual

What can be used for long term feeding

Gastrostomy (G-tube)

At what speed should you give a tube feeding

Give SLOWLY | no faster than you would drink

How often should you change bag and tubing of a feeding tube

Every 24 hours

What is a Flexi-seal system

Indwelling system used to manage fecal incontinence; liquid stool; when full replace the bag