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Nursing Test 3 > Sensorimotor > Flashcards

Sensorimotor Flashcards

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0
Q

Three most common cognitive problems in adults

A

Dementia
Delirium
Depression

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1
Q

Nursing concerns delirium/dementia/Alzheimer’s/Parkinson’s

A

Safety
Nutrition
Communication
Support system/caregiver

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2
Q

What is depression often associated with

A

Dementia and delirium

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3
Q

What is known as acute confusion

A

Delirium

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4
Q

Delirium effects about ____% of people who are critically ill

A

80%

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5
Q

Can delirium be both hypoactive and hyperactive

A

Yes!

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6
Q

Common infection that causes delirium

A

UTI

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7
Q

The patho of delirium has something to do with…

A

Acetylcholine

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8
Q

What is a condition that has been linked to delirium

A

Chronic stress

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9
Q

Who is more likely to experience delirium men or women

A

Men

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10
Q

Nurses role with delirium

A

Prevention
Early recognition
Treatment
Protection and safety

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11
Q

How can you focus on eliminating precipitating factors of delirium

A

Protect patient from harm

Encourage family members to stay at bedside or may need a sitter

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12
Q

What are two things used in all patients with delirium

A

Reorientation and behavioral interventions

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13
Q

A patient who is experiencing delirium is also at risk for what two things

A

Immobility

Skin breakdown

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14
Q

Is delirium preventable?

A

Yes it is usually preventable

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15
Q

When do you use Drug Therapy for somebody with Delirium

A

Reserved for those patients with severe agitation. This is because it interferes with needed meds and puts pt at increased risk for falls

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16
Q

What drugs are used to treat Delirium

A

Low dose antipsychotics

Ex- Haldol

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17
Q

What is Dementia characterized by

A

Syndrome characterized by dysfunction or loss of
MEMORY and at least one of the others:
-orientation, attitude, language, judgement, reasoning

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18
Q

What are some behavioral problems with dementia

A

Agitation, delusions, hallucinations

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19
Q

When do physicians usually diagnose Dementia

A

When 2 or more brain functions are significantly impaired

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20
Q

Problems that dementia can disrupt

A

Work
Social responsibilities
Family responsibilities

21
Q

Two most common causes of dementia

A
  • neurodegenerative conditions

- vascular disorders

22
Q

Important risk factors of Dementia

A

Advanced age

Family history

23
Q

What infectious diseases can result in vascular and neurodegenerative changes that can lead to dementia

A

Bacterial meningitis

Viral encephalitis

24
Q

What is loss of cognitive function d/t brain lesions caused by cardiovascular disease called

A

Vascular dementia

25
Q

How does vascular dementia happen

A

Decreased blood supply from narrowing and blocking or arteries that supply brain

26
Q

What type of dementia tends to be abrupt

A

Vascular dementia

27
Q

Type of dementia that tends to be gradual and progressive over time

A

Insidious and gradual

28
Q

3 classifications of dementia

A

Mild
Moderate
Severe

29
Q

Examples of mild dementia

A

Forgetfulness beyond what is seen in a normal person, short-term memory impairment, geographic disorientation

30
Q

Examples of moderate dementia

A

Impaired ability to recognize close friends and family, wandering, getting lost, forgets how to do simple task, delusions, hallucinations

31
Q

Examples of late stage dementia

A

Little memory, unable to process information, difficulty eating and swallowing, cannot understand words, incontinence

32
Q

What can dementia and depression occurring together cause

A

Extreme intellectual deterioration

33
Q

True or false: depression is often mistaken for dementia

A

True!!

Vice versa also

34
Q

Manifestations of depression..especially seen in older adults

A

Sadness and difficulty thinking and concentrating

35
Q

What should you screen for during the physical exam to rule out other medical conditions

A

Cobalamin (vitamin B 12) deficiencies
Hypothyroidism
Possibly neurosyphilis

36
Q

What is the most common tool used to assess cognitive function

A

Mini-Mental State Examination

37
Q

Diagnostic studies for dementia

A

CT
MRI

To monitor changes : SPECT and PET

38
Q

Chronic, progressive, degenerative disease of the brain

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

39
Q

How long do most people live after the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s

A

8-10 years

40
Q

Who is more likely to develop Alzheimer’s?

A
  • women because of longer life expectancy

- African and Hispanic Americans

41
Q

What are characteristics of familial Alzheimer’s disease

A

Earlier onset, occurs around age of 50

More rapid disease course

42
Q

What comes first with Alzheimer’s pathological or clinical manifestations? By what amount of time ?

A

Pathological first by 5 to 20 years. Something is going on long before you see symptoms

43
Q

What are clinical manifestations in Alzheimer’s disease that has progressed?

A

Dysphasia, apraxia, visual agnosia, dysgraphia, some long term memory loss, wandering, aggression

44
Q

What are 3 things you could see in late stages of Alzheimer’s disease

A
  • unable to communicate
  • cannot perform ADL
  • pt may be unresponsive and incontinent, requiring total care
45
Q

Ways to decrease risk of Alzheimer’s disease

A

Reading, crossword puzzles, learning a new language, regular physical activity

46
Q

Parkinson’s is a disease of the ________.

A

Basal ganglia (gray matter within each cerebral hemisphere)

47
Q

4 characteristics of Parkinson’s disease

A
  1. Slowness in the initiation and execution of movement (bradykinesia)
  2. Increased muscle tone (rigidity)
  3. Tremor at rest
  4. Impaired postural reflexes
48
Q

When do symptoms of Parkinson’s disease occur

A

When 80% of the neurons are lost

49
Q

Goal of Parkinson’s disease

A
  1. Maximize neurological functions
  2. Maintain independence
  3. Optimize psychosocial well-being
  4. Keep safe from falls
50
Q

Diagnostic study for Parkinson’s disease

A

Positive response to antiparkinsonian drugs

Nursing Test 3 (10 decks)

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