stroke

Question 1

stroke risk factors

Answer 1

hypercholesterolemia
high blood pressure
diabtes
smoking
heart disease
atherosclerosis
age > 65

Question 2

clinical symptoms

Answer 2

paralysis
face, arm, speech and time
unilateral disturbance of autonomic functioning
aphasia
dizziness
vertigo
impairment of vision or balance

Question 3

hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 3

intra- or extracerebrally situated

intracellular hemorrhage > hypertension, haematomas, tumor
subdural, subarachnoid haemorrhage > cranial trauma, basal cerebral artery anearysm rupture
ischemic episodes > artherosclerosis, small vessel occulsion, embolism, thrombosis

Question 4

diagnosing methods

Answer 4

CT; difference between left and right side
CT angiopathy; blood vessels
MRI; blood flow

Question 5

primary treatment

Answer 5

thrombectomy - introducing a catheter
thrombolysis - to break the clotting, recombinant tissue plasminogen
induced hypothermia - cooling catheters or wet blankets

Question 6

secondary prevention

Answer 6

• blood pressure control
• control of sugar levels and body weight
• lowering the blood lipid levels
• anticoagulation
• secondary prophylaxis

Question 7

pathophysiology of cell injury

Answer 7

• excitotoxicity
• calcium overload
• free radical formation
• immune activation
• inhibition of protein synthesis
• alteration of gene expression

Question 8

necrosis

Answer 8

• edema; excess accumulation of fluids,
• calcium overload; due to membrane leakage because of physical disruption