anesthetics Flashcards
goal of general anesthesia
unconsciousness
amnesia
analgesia
inhibition of autonomic reflexes
skeletal muscle relaxation
phases of general anesthesia
- induction; to reaching unconsciousness
- excitement; as short as possible
- operative phase
- danger; in case of overdose
general anesthetic
- inhalation agent
affect ion channels > inhibition of synaptic transmission - iv anesthetics
inhalation agents
halothane
isoflurane
sevoflurane
nitrous oxide
xenon
IV anesthetics
barbiturates
benzodiazepines
propofol
ketamin
local anesthesia
blocks conduction and generation of nerve impuls
voltage-gated-ion channels
general anesthesia, mechanism of action
CNS depression directly
GABA, NMDA
blood;brain partition coefficient
The higher the brain-blood partition coefficient, the higher the solubility of that
substance in brain tissue
blood;gass partition coefficient
the lower the coefficient, the faster the substance exerts an effect, the drug does NOT like to stay in the blood
MAC value
minimal alveolar concentration; to achieve proper therapeutical effect
1 MAC the concentration of vapour that prevents movement in response to a supramaximal stimulus is 50% of patients
local anesthetics
loss of pain sensation in a limited region of the body without loss of consciousness
local anesthesia forms
- infiltration
- intravenous regional anesthesia
- subcutaneous regional anesthesia
- peripheral nerve block
- topical anesthetics
- spinal anesthesia
- epidural anesthesia
local anesthesia drug
cocaine
tetracaine
lidocaine
bupivacaine
articaine