antidepressants Flashcards
symptoms
- persistent sadness / depressed mood
- loss of interest or pleasure
- fatigue and low energy
needs to be consistent for 2 weeks
types of depression
- psychotic depression
- seasonal depression
- perinatal, postpartum, menopausal depression
- bipolar or maniac depression
neurotrophic hypothesis
atrophy of neurons, loss of neurotrophic support
antidepressants will increase BDNF, but takes a long time
loss of hippocampus
monoamine hypothesis
low level of monoamine neurotransmitters; serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine in the synapse
most drugs will inhibit reuptake mechanism
quick effect, but long time until therapeutic effect
neuroendocrine factors
associated with hormonal abnormalities
elevated cortisol levels, elevated levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone
types of antidepressants
uptake inhibitors;
- TCA
- SSRI
- SNRI
- NRI
- NDRI
- SARI
MAO inhibitors
presynaptic receptor blocker
TCA
inhibition of NET and SERT
imipramine
clomipramine
amitriptyline
SSRIs
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
SSS side effect; stomach, serotonin syndrome, sexual disfunction
fluoxetine
fluvoxamine
citalopram
escitalopram
paroxetine
SNRIs
serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors
venlafaxine
duloxetine
NDRI
noradrenaline-dopamine reuptake inhibitor
bupropion
SARI
serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor
trazodone
MAO inhibitors
inhibit degradation of monoamine
cheese effect
moclobemide (MAO-A)
selegiline, rasagiline (MAO-B)
NaSSA
presynaptic receptor blocker
noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants
mirtazapine
mianserine
