Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS3 BAMS > stroke > Flashcards

stroke Flashcards

1
Q

what is stroke - textbook?

A

acute focal neurological deficit lasting for more than 24hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

describe a stroke

A

death of brain tissue from hypoxia
no local cerebral blood flow caused by infarction of tissue or haemorrhage into brain tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does FAST stand for?

A

facial drooping
arm weakness
speech difficulty
time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does TIA stand for?

A

transient ischaemic attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is ischemia?

A

restriction of blood supply and therefore oxygen to any tissue/part of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a transient ischemic attack?

A

localised loss of brain function
full recovery of brain tissue within 24 hrs (most recover in 30 min)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

people that have suffered a TIA are at higher risk of what?

A

proper stroke
myocardial infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are risk factors for stroke?

A

hypertension
smoking
alcohol

diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the most common cause of stroke?

A

infarction 85%
followed by haemorrhage 10%, subarachnoid haemorrhage and venous thrombosis <1%
also vasculitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the causes of stroke?

A

ischemic - cause uncertain
intracranial bleed
embolic stroke
atheroma of cerebral vessels
venous thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what causes an embolic stroke?

A

embolism from L side of heart
atrial fibrillation, recent MI or heart valve disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what causes inter-cranial bleed/haemorrhage stroke?

A

aneurysm rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where might you find an atheroma of cerebral vessels?

A

carotid bifurcation
internal carotid
vertebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

give examples of stroke prevention

A

reduce risk factors - smoking, diabetic control, hypertension control

anti platelet action - aspirin, clopidogrel

anticoagulants if embolic risk - AF, LV thrombosis - warfarin, apixiban

carotid endarectomy, preventative neurosurgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what tests can be used to assess risk factors of stroke?

A

carotis ultrasound
cardiac ultrasound
ECG
blood pressure
diabetes screen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what imaging techniques can investigate stroke?

A

CT
MRI
MRA - best to visualise brain circulation
DSA - if MRA not available

17
Q

what does CT stand for in imaging?

A

computerised tomography

18
Q

what does MRI stand for in imaging?

A

magnetic resonance imaging

19
Q

what does MRA stand for in imaging?

A

magnetic resonance angiography

20
Q

what does DSA stand for in imaging?

A

digital subtraction angiography

21
Q

what impact does stroke have on dentistry?

A

impaired mobility and dexterity - OH and attendance
communication - dysphonia, dysarthria
risk of cardiac emergency - MI
loss of protective reflexes - aspiration
loss of sensory information - dentures
stroke pain

22
Q

how would you assess risk factors of stroke?

A

carotid ultrasound
cardiac ultrasound - LV thrombosis
ECG to check arrhythmias
blood pressure
diabetes screen
thrombophilia screen - young patients

23
Q

what are the effects of a stroke on brain?

A

loss of functional brain tissue - immediate nerve cell data or ischaeamia in penumbra around infarction

inflammation in tissue surrounding infarct/bleed

24
Q

what are the complications of a stroke?

A

motor function loss
dysphonia
swallowing - aspiration of food and saliva leading to pneumonia
sensory loss
cognitive impairment
body perception

25
Q

a stroke affecting cranial or somatic nerve will affect which side of body?

A

opposite side to lesion

26
Q

cognitive impairment affects what?

A

appreciation
processing
understanding
speech and language - dysphasia, dyslexia
memory impairment
emotional

27
Q

how is a stroke managed?

A

acute phase - limit damage and reduce future risk
chronic phase - rehab and reduce future risk

28
Q

what is involved in the acute phase of stroke treatment?

A

reduce damage - penumbra region survivable ischaemia, Ca channel blockers

improve blood flow and oxygenation

normoglycaemia as hyper or hypo is harmful

remove haematoma in subarachnoid haemorrhage

prevent future risk - 300mg aspirin daily

29
Q

what dose of aspirin should be given daily as a prevention of future stroke risk?

A

300mg daily

30
Q

what indicates anticoagulation medication after a stroke?

A

AF
left ventricular thrombosis
(warfarin, apixiban)

31
Q

what is involved in the chronic phase of stroke treatment?

A

nursing and rehab - immobility support, prevent bed sores and physiotherapy

speech and language therapy - communication, eating

occupational therapy

32
Q

what are the two types of stroke?

A

ischaemic stroke
haemorragic stroke

BDS3 BAMS (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions