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BDS3 BAMS > microbiology > Flashcards

microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

5 oral biofilm diseases

A

periodontal infection
Endodontic infection
caries
mucosal infection - candida, angular cheilitis
oral malodour

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2
Q

4 things that influence oral microflora

A

host factors - disease
diet
saliva
gingival crevicular fluid

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3
Q

4 host factors influencing oral microflora

A

smoking
pregnancy
systemic disease
nutrition

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4
Q

stages of biofilm development

A

adhesion
colonization
accumulation
complex community
dispersal

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5
Q

stages of biofilm development

A

adhesion
colonization
accumulation
complex community
dispersal

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6
Q

microorganisms associated with gingivitis

A

actinomycetes
prevotella intermedia

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7
Q

microorganisms associated with periodontitis

A

porphyromonas ginigvalis
tannerella forsythia
prevotella intermedia

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8
Q

what type bacteria is porphyromonas ginigvalis

A

gram neg anaerobe

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9
Q

3 virulence factors of porphyromonas gingivalis

A

fimbrae - adherence

endotoxin

gingipains

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10
Q

2 systemic implications of periodontal disease

A

cardiovascular disease
diabetes

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11
Q

disadvantage of culture methods

A

only small numbers of samples can be analysed at once

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12
Q

advantage of DNA probes

A

more sensitive than culture

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13
Q

which gene is found in all bacteria

A

16s ribosomal RNA

16srRNA

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14
Q

4 bases found in a DNA molecule

A

adenine
cytosine
thymine
guanine

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15
Q

4 bases found in RNA molecule

A

adenine
cytosine
uracil
guanine

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16
Q

3 risk factors for developing candidiasis

A

immune compromised
immunosuppressive drugs
diabetes

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17
Q

4 oral candidosis

A

pseudomembranous - thrush
erythematous - HIV and denture
hyperplastic
angular cheilitis

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18
Q

candida stages 5

A

attachment
early phase
intermediate phase
maturation phase
dispersal

19
Q

what’s the difference between candidosis and candidiasis

A

same but candidosis more severe

20
Q

test to diagnose oral candidiasis

A

swab/oral rinse and culture - chromogenic agar
germ tube formation test

21
Q

3 types of antifungals and example

A

azole - fluconazole
polyene - nystatin
echinocandin - caspofungin

22
Q

2 microorganisms resistant to fluconazole

A

candida glabrata
candid krusei

23
Q

which antifungal are ineffective against biofilms and which are

A

azole ineffective

echinocandin and polyene effective also chlorhexadine

24
Q

what does a bacteria biofilm require to produce acid

A

fermentable carbohydrate

25
Q

4 components of caries

A

tooth - susceptible
diet - fermentable carbohydrates
saliva - absence or low
microbiota - plaque bacteria

26
Q

3 bacteria in caries

A

strep mutans
lactobacullis species
vielonella

27
Q

bacteria found in endo infection

A

enterococcus faecalis

28
Q

which endo infection is described as poly microbial, gram negative anaerobic and e faecallis present in 4-40%

A

primary endo infection

29
Q

which endo infection can be described as gram positive with lots more e faecalis and only a few species

A

secondary endo infection

30
Q

3 virulence factors in endo infection

A

endotoxins
adhesins
collagenages

31
Q

give a gram positive coccus facultative anaerobic bacteria

A

enterococcus faecalis

32
Q

appropriate clinical specimen to take from a child to test for cariogenic organisms

A

swab of saliva or tooth surface

33
Q

methods to test species present in a sample

A

next generation sequencing
16s rRNA sequencing

34
Q

what specimen could you take when pt attends with localised gingivitis

A

sub gingival plaque biofilm on gingival crevice of site of inflammation

35
Q

important organsim in gingivitis

A

p.ginigvalis

36
Q

method used to find organism from plaque biofilm

A

NGS
PCR

37
Q

how do you determine cause and effect

A

remove culprit organsm - leads to resolution of disease

38
Q

causes of denture stomatitis and the associated micro-organisms

A

denture associated biofilm

candida albicans
candida glabrata

39
Q

3 ways to collect specimen from denture stomatitis

A

oral rinse
swab
foam pad

40
Q

why is it important to distinguish if pt has Candida albicans or candida glabrata

A

candida glabrata is insensitive to azoles

41
Q

if candida glabrata - what medication

A

nystatin

42
Q

systemic implications of indwelling prosthesis

A

aspiration pneumonia

43
Q

clinical specimen to take from pt with abscess

A

needle aspirate for pus

BDS3 BAMS (11 decks)

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