gout and osteoarthritis Flashcards
what are the symptoms of joint disease?
pain
immobility
stiffness
loss of function
what are the signs of joint disease?
swelling - fluctuant, bony or synovial
deformity
redness
crepitus
loss of function
what investigations can you do for joint disease?
radiography - plain, MRI and anthrography
blood test - inflammatory markers and autoimmune disease markers
arthroscopy and biopsy
what is acute monoarthropathy?
acute arthritis of a single joint
can be the initial stage of poly arthritis
what are the common causes of acute monoarthropathies?
infection - septic arthritis
crystal arthropathy - gout
describe gout
too much uric acid in body and uric crystals are deposited in joints causing significant pain from reactive inflammation
what is hyperuricaemia?
high uric acid levels
what can contribute to hyperuricaemia?
drug induced - thiazide diuretics
obesity and alcohol enhance
genetic predisposition
nucleic acid breakdown
tumour related - myeloma
how is gout treated?
NSAIDS
what joint is usually affected by gout?
big toe
how long until gout is painful?
gout has rapid onset within hours
how does gout affect dentistry?
patients with gout or with history of gout should not take aspirin as this interferes with uric acid removal
some drug treatments may give oral ulceration
what joints are predominantly affected by osteoarthritis?
weight bearing joints - hips and knees
what degenerative disease is due to cartilage repair dysfunction?
osteoarthritis
what are the symptoms of arthritis?
pain - worse with activity, better with rest
brief morning stiffness
slowly progressive
