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enabling occupational performance > stroke > Flashcards

stroke Flashcards

1
Q

when does ABI occur?

A

when brain is damaged through trauma, stroke, infection, lack of oxygen, tumour, drug/alcohol abuse or degenerative neurological disease

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2
Q

what is a TBI?

A

a traumatic brain injury is a traumatically induced structural injury and/or physiological disruption of brain function as a result of external force

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3
Q

what is the OTs aims with ABI?

A
  • enable and empower people to be competent, enhance wellbeing and minimise effector dysfunction
  • address issues using interventions.
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4
Q

what is the glascow coma scale?

A

most common scoring system to describe level of consciousness following TBI

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5
Q

what is the glascow coma scale used to gauge?

A

severity of acute brain injury

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6
Q

what is a severe score on the glascow coma scale?

A

GCS 8 or less

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7
Q

what is a moderate score on the glascow coma scale?

A

GCS 9-12

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8
Q

what is a mild score on the glascow coma scale?

A

GCS 13-15

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9
Q

what is PTA considered?

A

stage of brain recovery process

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10
Q

what are typical effects of PTA?

A
  • disorientation about time/location/identity
  • distractible
  • difficulty thinking/memory/concentration
  • anxiety, agitation, mood. changes
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11
Q

what is the OTs role in ABI?

A

assess impact of cognitive impairment on performance of meaningful activities and participation

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12
Q

what are some areas of ABI should be tested for cognitive impairment?

A
  • attention
  • visuospatial function
  • executive function
  • social cognition
  • language/social communication
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13
Q

what are personal factors that should be considered during assessment of ABI?

A
  • culture
  • fluency/literacy
  • education
  • intellectual level
  • occupational/vocational history
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14
Q

what are pre-injury medical factors that should be considered during assessment of ABI?

A
  • substance use
  • mental health
  • neurological disorders
  • nutrition
  • psychosocial trauma
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15
Q

what are injury-related factors and conditions that should be considered during assessment of ABI?

A
  • medical conditions
  • fatigue
  • psychiatric conditions esp. mood disorders
  • pain
  • seizures
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16
Q

what are some challenging behaviours following ABI?

A
  • verbal/physical aggression
  • inappropriate behaviour
  • repetitive behaviour
  • risk-taking
  • wandering
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17
Q

what are five principles of managing behaviour?

A
  • manage: day-to-day
  • structure and routine
  • consistency
  • add positives
  • seek assistance
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18
Q

what do the clinical guidelines GRADE for the assessment of stroke stand for?

A

grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation

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19
Q

what skills should be observed during assessment of occupational performance in a familiar task?

A
  • motor performance
  • perceptual
  • cognitive
  • affect
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20
Q

what is dys/aphasia?

A

impaired expression and comprehension of language

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21
Q

what is dysarthria?

A

weakness/incoordination of muscles used in speech

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22
Q

what is dyss/apraxia?

A

difficulty controllign speech organs, resulting in impaired production and sequencing of speech sounds and breathing

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23
Q

what is dysphagia?

A

swallowing impairment

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24
Q

what is buccofacial apraxia?

A

inability to perform skilled movements involving lips, mouth, and tongue in absence of paresis, impacts language and facial expression

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25
Q

what is praxis?

A

ability to plan and perform purposeful movement

26
Q

what part of brain is responsible for praxis?

A

frontal and parietal lobes

27
Q

what is apraxia?

A

impaired planning and sequencing of movement not due to weakness, incoordination or sensory loss

28
Q

what is ideational apraxia?

A

person does not have ideas what to do

29
Q

what is ideomotor apraxia?

A

person does. know. what to do but cannot carry it out

30
Q

what types of errors are included in ideational apraxia?

A
  • misuse
  • dislocation
  • sequence errors
  • omission
31
Q

what are people with ideomotor apraxia observed to have?

A

awkward and clumsy movements and impairment may be evident with timing, sequencing and spatial organisation of movement

32
Q

how is ideomotor apraxia assessed?

A

presented with 24 movements that they reproduce immediately using limb ipsilateral to side of lesion

33
Q

what is strategy training?

A

patient learns to use intact cognitive functions to compensate for loss of motor planning

34
Q

what is errorless training focus?

A

for client to train doing specific ADL task without error

35
Q

what are some considerations you may need when working with people with aphasia?

A

may need language to be emphasised or simplified when learning

36
Q

what personal factors should be considered in apraxia intervention?

A
  • attention and motivation
  • pre-morbid skilled motor ability
  • level of insight
37
Q

what enviro factors should be considered in apraxia intervention?

A
  • context in which task is performed
  • distractions
  • presence of cues
38
Q

what are types of apraxia?

A
  • ideational
  • ideomotor
  • buccofacial
39
Q

what task factors should be considered in apraxia intervention?

A
  • familiarity with movements/objects
  • number of task components
  • level of skill required
  • repetitive elements
  • speed required
40
Q

what stroke does apraxia originate from?

A

left or right hemisphere stroke

41
Q

how is apraxia diagnosed?

A

based on differential diagnosis of what it is not, therefore assess all other modalities first

42
Q

what intervention strategies are recommended for apraxia?

A
  • strategy training
  • errorless learning
  • gesture training
43
Q

what are the two types of memory processing?

A
  • explicit (declarative)

- implicit (non-declarative)

44
Q

what types of memory is explicit or declarative memory processing linked with?

A
  • perceptual
  • semantic
  • episodic-autobiographical
45
Q

what types of memory is implicit or non-declarative memory processing linked with?

A
  • procedural

- primary memory systems

46
Q

what does explicit or declarative memory processing require?

A

conscious recollection of previous experience and info

47
Q

does implicit or noon-declarative memory processing occur subconsciously or consciously?

A

subconsciously

48
Q

what is implicit or non-declarative memory assessed by?

A
  • learning motor skills
  • recognising degraded pictures
  • word-stem completion
49
Q

what is procedural learning?

A

acquisition of perceptual-motor or mechanical ‘doing’ skills

50
Q

what is the ultimate goal of ADL retraining?

A

decrease level of assistance required and promote independence

51
Q

what is physical support for ADL retraining?

A

use verbal prompts

52
Q

what is guided movement support for ADL retraining?

A

guides patient to complete task, client participates in motor actions of task

53
Q

what is verbal prompting as a support for ADL retraining?

A

clear direction

54
Q

what is physical support for ADL retraining?

A

uses visual aid, enviro set up to cue task components

54
Q

what is physical support for ADL retraining?

A

uses visual aid, enviro set up to cue task components

55
Q

what is supervised support for ADL retraining?

A

able to complete elements of task, initiate and move between components,

56
Q

what is independent support for ADL retraining?

A

demonstrates consistent performance within ADLs supervision no longer needed

57
Q

what are some considerations for skills retraining?

A
  • emotional issues

- behavioural changes: apathy, impulsivity, agitation, socially innappropriateness

58
Q

what are some considerations for routine practice?

A
  • frequent practices promotes self-maintenance
  • regularity of practice
  • use of feedback
59
Q

what are some challenges of engagement for stroke patients?

A
  • confused/disorientated
  • distractibility
  • difficulty retaining info
  • fatigue
  • agitation
  • impulsive

enabling occupational performance (8 decks)

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