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enabling occupational performance > pain and work > Flashcards

pain and work Flashcards

1
Q

what is pain?

A

unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

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2
Q

what are nociceptors?

A

sensory endings on nerves that signal tissue damage

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3
Q

what is neuropathic pain associated with?

A

injury/disease of nerve tissue often shingles, cervical/lumbar radiculopathy, diabetic neuropathy

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4
Q

what is neuropathic pain described as?

A
  • burning
  • shooting
  • stabbing
  • hypersensitivity to touch/movement/temp/pressure
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5
Q

when does type 1 complex regional pain syndrome occur?

A

without injury

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6
Q

when does type 2 complex regional pain syndrome occur?

A

follows nerve injury syndrome of pain, vascular change and atrophy

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7
Q

what are some symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome?

A
  • severe pain
  • swelling
  • increased skin sensitivity
  • excessive sweating/dryness
  • muscle spasm
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8
Q

how is fibromyalgia characterised?

A

groups of symptoms primarily widespread pain and sensitivity to touch

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9
Q

what is the cause of fibromyalgia?

A

no cause identified, theories include:

  • genetics
  • enviro triggers
  • illness
  • physical/emotional stress
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10
Q

what are some symptoms of fibromyalgia?

A
  • widespread pain
  • sleep disturbance
  • low mood and anxiety
  • numbness/tingling hands and feet
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11
Q

what is chronic/persistent pain?

A

recurrent pain beyond nociception and expected recovery time (usually three months or more)

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12
Q

what is neuroplasticity?

A

ability of brain to change continuously throughout life

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13
Q

what influences pain perception?

A
  • gender
  • age
  • co-morbidities
  • anxiety/depression
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14
Q

what are risk factors for pain perception?

A
  • previous trauma
  • mood changes
  • enviro issues
  • fear avoidance
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15
Q

what is associated with childhood pain perception?

A
  • cognitive ability
  • descending pathways not fully developed
  • linked to attachment style
  • coping strategies
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16
Q

what is descriptive assessment of pain?

A

intensity, quality, location and duration

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17
Q

what is response assessment of pain?

A

behavioural and psychological reactions

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18
Q

what is impact assessment of pain?

A

functional/occupational status and level of disability

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19
Q

what are the three essential components of assessing pain?

A
  • descriptive
  • response
  • impact
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20
Q

what are types of pain measures?

A
  • self report
  • observational measure (ROM, function)
  • physiological measure (HR, pulse)
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21
Q

what does the brief pain inventory measure?

A

pain severity and interference

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22
Q

what does the pain self efficacy questionnaire measure?

A

person’s confidence in managing pain

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23
Q

what are some ways to assess the impact of pain on occupational performance?

A
  • ask client about activities
  • complete occupational/ADL checklist
  • observe performance
  • activitydiary
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24
Q

what is the functional capacity evaluation used to assess?

A

functional capacities for work

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25
Q

what may the functional capacity evaluation be used for?

A
  • develop return to work program
  • communnicate info
  • report key observations
  • make recommendations
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26
Q

what are the assumptions of the biopsychosocial model?

A

person’s right to meaningful and productive life

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27
Q

what are some MOHO assessments?

A
  • interest checklist
  • role checklist
  • OSA
28
Q

what is the purpose of cognitive behavioural therapy?

A

learning new techniques and challenging of negative thoughts

29
Q

what does cognitive behavioural therapy help with?

A

coping and reducing pain behaviours

30
Q

what does acceptance commitment therapy teach?

A

acceptance of discomfort and shift focus to meaningful action

31
Q

what can someone focus on during mindfulness?

A
  • breathing
  • senses
  • body sensations
  • emotions
  • activities
32
Q

how can you pace activity for pain?

A
  • you decide when to stop not your pain
  • set baseline
  • gradually increase challenge
33
Q

what is sensory seeking thresholds in the sensory profile?

A

high threshold with active responding strategies

34
Q

what is sensory avoiding in the sensory profile?

A

low thresholds with active responding strategies

35
Q

what is sensory sensitive in the sensory profile?

A

low thresholds with passive responding strategies

36
Q

what is low registration in the sensory profile?

A

high thresholds with passive responding strategies

37
Q

what are some levels of arousal to consider in intervention?

A
  • hyper arousal
  • manageable sensations
  • hypo-arousal (numbness)
38
Q

what is the aim of sensory processing interventions for pain?

A

increase window of tolerance

39
Q

what is sensory retraining?

A

getting brain to ask questions of sensory input to make a more accurate interpretation

40
Q

what does sensory retraining involve?

A
  • 2 point discrimination
  • object recognition
  • localisation training
41
Q

what are some OT practice principles for pain?

A
  • client centred
  • acknowledge client’s pain
  • determine primary goal
  • consider long-term changes
42
Q

what is vocational rehab?

A

service for people with disability, injury or health condition which helps them to get and keep job

43
Q

what are some assessments for work injury and vocational rehab?

A
  • functional and physical work capacity evaluation (FCE)
  • workplace suitability
  • job demands
44
Q

what are some interventions for vocational rehab?

A
  • return to work plan
  • work conditioning
  • provision of equip
  • mod of work/enviro
45
Q

what is the OTs role in vocational rehab?

A
  • locating resources for support
  • making applications for funding
  • develop return to work
46
Q

what is involved in a vocational rehab program?

A
  • career planning
  • vocational counselling
  • work conditions/training
  • monitoring
  • worksite assessment
47
Q

what is the VR process?

A
  • initial interview/assessment
  • pre-vocational phase
  • worksite visit
  • RTW plan
  • interventions
  • evaluation
  • discharge
48
Q

what should you gather info about in an initial assessment in VR process?

A
  • work history
  • current position
  • work schedule
  • motivation and readiness
  • functional and work capacity
49
Q

what is involved in planning a workplace assessment?

A
  • initiate contact
  • discuss purpose and process
  • arrange visit
  • obtain job description and previous assessment
  • bring equip
50
Q

what does working in an office involve?

A
  • computer-based work
  • task involve manual handling
  • communication/teamwork/individual work
51
Q

what is the WEIS used for?

A

assess worker’s perception on impact of work enviro

52
Q

what does WEIS stand for?

A

work enviro impact scale

53
Q

what is involved in the return to work hierarchy 1-4?

A

1- same job/same workplace
2- modified job/same wp
3- different job/same wp
4- same or modified/ different wp

54
Q

what is involved in the return to work hierarchy 5-8?

A

5- different job/different workplace
6- same job/ new employer
7- similar job/new employer
8- new job/new employer

55
Q

how can you ensure workers’ safety when providing vocational rehab?

A
  • liaise with the employer
  • recommended equip
  • agree on tasks, mods and schedule
  • certificate of capacity
  • gradual increase
56
Q

how does activity-based work fit into WHS legislation?

A
  • eliminate or reduce risk
  • provide/maintain systems that are safe
  • provide adequate facilities
  • consult with employees on matters affecting health
57
Q

what are some ergonomic hazard areas in the office workplace?

A
  • workstation
  • prevent prolonged positions
  • work organisation
  • manual handling
  • work enviro
58
Q

what are some general ergonomic risks?

A
  • repetitive movement
  • sustained static position
  • contact stress
  • enviro factors
59
Q

what are some health implications of sedentariness?

A
  • musculoskeletal
  • metabolic syndrome
  • CVD
  • cancer
  • mortality
60
Q

what are some enviro hazards in office?

A
  • poor lighting
  • ergonomic hazards
  • slipping
  • chemicals
  • extreme temps
  • manual handling
61
Q

what are some symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders?

A
  • tender/pain
  • stiffness
  • sensation changes
  • eye strain
62
Q

why should you conduct a workstation assessment?

A
  • promote activity based work
  • educate
  • prevent injury
  • resolve discomfort
63
Q

what might prompt a workstation assessment?

A
  • request from the manager
  • complaints
  • workstation redesign
  • RTW
64
Q

what are the ways to approach a workstation assessment?

A
  • check-in with manager
  • gather background info
  • schedule time (45-60min)
  • prepare checklist
65
Q

what is the order of steps to be addressed in a workstation assessment?

A
  • chair height
  • comfort
  • screen height
  • keyboard/mouse placement
  • desk configuration
  • clutter under desk
66
Q

what are some health implications of prolonged standing?

A
  • musculoskeletal pain
  • varicose veins
  • lower limb swelling
  • joint compression
  • fatigue

enabling occupational performance (8 decks)

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