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pain and work Flashcards

1
Q

what is pain?

A

unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

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2
Q

what are nociceptors?

A

sensory endings on nerves that signal tissue damage

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3
Q

what is neuropathic pain associated with?

A

injury/disease of nerve tissue often shingles, cervical/lumbar radiculopathy, diabetic neuropathy

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4
Q

what is neuropathic pain described as?

A
  • burning
  • shooting
  • stabbing
  • hypersensitivity to touch/movement/temp/pressure
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5
Q

when does type 1 complex regional pain syndrome occur?

A

without injury

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6
Q

when does type 2 complex regional pain syndrome occur?

A

follows nerve injury syndrome of pain, vascular change and atrophy

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7
Q

what are some symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome?

A
  • severe pain
  • swelling
  • increased skin sensitivity
  • excessive sweating/dryness
  • muscle spasm
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8
Q

how is fibromyalgia characterised?

A

groups of symptoms primarily widespread pain and sensitivity to touch

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9
Q

what is the cause of fibromyalgia?

A

no cause identified, theories include:

  • genetics
  • enviro triggers
  • illness
  • physical/emotional stress
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10
Q

what are some symptoms of fibromyalgia?

A
  • widespread pain
  • sleep disturbance
  • low mood and anxiety
  • numbness/tingling hands and feet
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11
Q

what is chronic/persistent pain?

A

recurrent pain beyond nociception and expected recovery time (usually three months or more)

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12
Q

what is neuroplasticity?

A

ability of brain to change continuously throughout life

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13
Q

what influences pain perception?

A
  • gender
  • age
  • co-morbidities
  • anxiety/depression
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14
Q

what are risk factors for pain perception?

A
  • previous trauma
  • mood changes
  • enviro issues
  • fear avoidance
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15
Q

what is associated with childhood pain perception?

A
  • cognitive ability
  • descending pathways not fully developed
  • linked to attachment style
  • coping strategies
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16
Q

what is descriptive assessment of pain?

A

intensity, quality, location and duration

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17
Q

what is response assessment of pain?

A

behavioural and psychological reactions

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18
Q

what is impact assessment of pain?

A

functional/occupational status and level of disability

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19
Q

what are the three essential components of assessing pain?

A
  • descriptive
  • response
  • impact
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20
Q

what are types of pain measures?

A
  • self report
  • observational measure (ROM, function)
  • physiological measure (HR, pulse)
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21
Q

what does the brief pain inventory measure?

A

pain severity and interference

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22
Q

what does the pain self efficacy questionnaire measure?

A

person’s confidence in managing pain

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23
Q

what are some ways to assess the impact of pain on occupational performance?

A
  • ask client about activities
  • complete occupational/ADL checklist
  • observe performance
  • activitydiary
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24
Q

what is the functional capacity evaluation used to assess?

A

functional capacities for work

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25
what may the functional capacity evaluation be used for?
- develop return to work program - communnicate info - report key observations - make recommendations
26
what are the assumptions of the biopsychosocial model?
person's right to meaningful and productive life
27
what are some MOHO assessments?
- interest checklist - role checklist - OSA
28
what is the purpose of cognitive behavioural therapy?
learning new techniques and challenging of negative thoughts
29
what does cognitive behavioural therapy help with?
coping and reducing pain behaviours
30
what does acceptance commitment therapy teach?
acceptance of discomfort and shift focus to meaningful action
31
what can someone focus on during mindfulness?
- breathing - senses - body sensations - emotions - activities
32
how can you pace activity for pain?
- you decide when to stop not your pain - set baseline - gradually increase challenge
33
what is sensory seeking thresholds in the sensory profile?
high threshold with active responding strategies
34
what is sensory avoiding in the sensory profile?
low thresholds with active responding strategies
35
what is sensory sensitive in the sensory profile?
low thresholds with passive responding strategies
36
what is low registration in the sensory profile?
high thresholds with passive responding strategies
37
what are some levels of arousal to consider in intervention?
- hyper arousal - manageable sensations - hypo-arousal (numbness)
38
what is the aim of sensory processing interventions for pain?
increase window of tolerance
39
what is sensory retraining?
getting brain to ask questions of sensory input to make a more accurate interpretation
40
what does sensory retraining involve?
- 2 point discrimination - object recognition - localisation training
41
what are some OT practice principles for pain?
- client centred - acknowledge client's pain - determine primary goal - consider long-term changes
42
what is vocational rehab?
service for people with disability, injury or health condition which helps them to get and keep job
43
what are some assessments for work injury and vocational rehab?
- functional and physical work capacity evaluation (FCE) - workplace suitability - job demands
44
what are some interventions for vocational rehab?
- return to work plan - work conditioning - provision of equip - mod of work/enviro
45
what is the OTs role in vocational rehab?
- locating resources for support - making applications for funding - develop return to work
46
what is involved in a vocational rehab program?
- career planning - vocational counselling - work conditions/training - monitoring - worksite assessment
47
what is the VR process?
- initial interview/assessment - pre-vocational phase - worksite visit - RTW plan - interventions - evaluation - discharge
48
what should you gather info about in an initial assessment in VR process?
- work history - current position - work schedule - motivation and readiness - functional and work capacity
49
what is involved in planning a workplace assessment?
- initiate contact - discuss purpose and process - arrange visit - obtain job description and previous assessment - bring equip
50
what does working in an office involve?
- computer-based work - task involve manual handling - communication/teamwork/individual work
51
what is the WEIS used for?
assess worker's perception on impact of work enviro
52
what does WEIS stand for?
work enviro impact scale
53
what is involved in the return to work hierarchy 1-4?
1- same job/same workplace 2- modified job/same wp 3- different job/same wp 4- same or modified/ different wp
54
what is involved in the return to work hierarchy 5-8?
5- different job/different workplace 6- same job/ new employer 7- similar job/new employer 8- new job/new employer
55
how can you ensure workers' safety when providing vocational rehab?
- liaise with the employer - recommended equip - agree on tasks, mods and schedule - certificate of capacity - gradual increase
56
how does activity-based work fit into WHS legislation?
- eliminate or reduce risk - provide/maintain systems that are safe - provide adequate facilities - consult with employees on matters affecting health
57
what are some ergonomic hazard areas in the office workplace?
- workstation - prevent prolonged positions - work organisation - manual handling - work enviro
58
what are some general ergonomic risks?
- repetitive movement - sustained static position - contact stress - enviro factors
59
what are some health implications of sedentariness?
- musculoskeletal - metabolic syndrome - CVD - cancer - mortality
60
what are some enviro hazards in office?
- poor lighting - ergonomic hazards - slipping - chemicals - extreme temps - manual handling
61
what are some symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders?
- tender/pain - stiffness - sensation changes - eye strain
62
why should you conduct a workstation assessment?
- promote activity based work - educate - prevent injury - resolve discomfort
63
what might prompt a workstation assessment?
- request from the manager - complaints - workstation redesign - RTW
64
what are the ways to approach a workstation assessment?
- check-in with manager - gather background info - schedule time (45-60min) - prepare checklist
65
what is the order of steps to be addressed in a workstation assessment?
- chair height - comfort - screen height - keyboard/mouse placement - desk configuration - clutter under desk
66
what are some health implications of prolonged standing?
- musculoskeletal pain - varicose veins - lower limb swelling - joint compression - fatigue

enabling occupational performance (8 decks)

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