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Brain And Behaviour > Stroke 1 > Flashcards

Stroke 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Risk Factors

A

Age, previous stroke/ TIA, family history

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2
Q

Medical conditions that can cause stroke

A

Hypertension
Arteriosclerosis/ high cholesterol
Heart disease

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3
Q

Primary stroke prevention

A
  • treat hypertension
  • stop smoking
  • manage weight
  • increase exercise
  • lower cholesterol
  • control diabetes
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4
Q

What are the main types of stroke?

A

Ischaemic and Cerebral haemorrhage

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5
Q

Ischaemic stroke

A

Blockage cutting off brain blood supply

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6
Q

Cerebral haemorrhage

A

Burst blood vessel causing bleeding within the brain

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7
Q

What are the 3 main arteries associated with the circle of Willis?

A

Internal carotid
Middle cerebral
Basilar artery

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8
Q

MRI T2

A

Sensitive to difference between intact and damaged tissue

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9
Q

What is an ischaemic penumbra?

A

Infarcted areas where blood flow is reduced

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10
Q

What is lysis?

A

Dead cell membranes break down

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11
Q

Types of ichaemic stroke

A

Thrombotic
Embolic
Lacunar

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12
Q

Thrombotic stroke

A

Due to atherosclerosis
Deposition of lipid fats in muscle cells in the artery wall

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13
Q

Embolic stroke

A

Part of embolus- blood clot, plaque deposit, air bubble

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14
Q

Lacunar

A

Blockage of small artery- arteriole

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15
Q

TIA

A

Often called mini stroke
Effects last less than 24 hours

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16
Q

Intervention for TIA

A

Reduce blood pressure
Address lifestyle factors

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17
Q

How does low dose aspirin prevent stroke?

A

Blood thinning effects- reduces risk of blood clots

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18
Q

Cerebral haemorrhage

A

Massive bleed into brain tissue

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19
Q

Effects of cerebral haemorrhage are due to?

A

Mass displacement of brain tissue
Increased intracerbral pressure
Destruction at site of bleeding

20
Q

Arteriovenous malformations

A

Congenital collections of abnormal blood vessels

21
Q

Aneurysms

A

Vascular dilations rising from localised defects in elasticity

22
Q

Types of cerebral haemorrhage

A

Intracerabeal
Subarachnoid
Subdural

23
Q

Intracerbral haemorrhage

A
  • raised intracerbral pressure
24
Q

Subdural haemorrhage (haematoma)

A

Contact via head injuries

25
Q

Where does the Anterior circulation start from?

A

Internal Carotid Artery (ICA)

26
Q

What large vessels are associated with the anterior circulation?

A

Middle cerebral server
Anterior cerebral artery

27
Q

What are the small vessels associated with anterior circulation?

A

Branches from the MCA and the ACA

28
Q

Where does the posterior conciliation start from?

A

From vertebral arteries

29
Q

What are the large vessels associated with posterior circulation?

A

Basilar artery
Posterior cerebral artery

30
Q

Dysarthria

A

Muscular control of articulation

31
Q

Which part of the brain is damaged associated with dysarthria?

A

Damage to the brain stem/ medulla

32
Q

Apraxia

A

Planning of speech motor commands

33
Q

What part of the Brian damage is associated with apraxia ?

A

Diverse cortical and sub-cortical lesions

34
Q

What are the two types of stroke dysphagia is common after?

A

Brain stem stroke
Cortical stroke

35
Q

What does the Anterior carotid artery supply?

A

Prefrontal cortex

36
Q

What is the function of the cingulate gyrus?

A

Emotion regulation and motivation

37
Q

Where does the middle cerebral artery branch at?

A

Lateral sculls (Sylvian fissure)

38
Q

What are of the Brian is most commonly affected in ischaemic cerebral strokes?

A

Middle Cerebral artery

39
Q

What part of the brain does the MCA supply most?

A

Most of the lateral surface of the cortex, including wernickes area and heschl’s gyrus

40
Q

The basil ganglia and the insular cortex are supplied by which cerebral artery?

A

MCA

41
Q

Symptoms of MCA stroke

A
  • facial palsy/upper limb paralysis
  • bilateral innervation to muscles of articulation
  • hemispatial neglect
42
Q

What area of the brain does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

Ventral arterial and ventromedial temporal lobe

43
Q

The ventromedial and ventral lateral temporal lobes are associated with what?

A

Semantic processing, long-term memory

44
Q

Bamford stroke classification system

A

Total anterior circulation stroke
Partial anterior circulation stroke
Lacunar syndrome
Posterior circulation syndrome

45
Q

TACS

A

3 of the following:
- unilateral weakness
- homonymous hemianopia
- higher cerebral dysfunction

Brain And Behaviour (8 decks)

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