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Brain And Behaviour > Ageing > Flashcards

Ageing Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

Processing speed

A

The speed at which someone is able to understand and react to information e.g. recognising patterns, decision making

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2
Q

True or false, older adults tend to have slower processing speeds ?

A

TRUE

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of attention?

A
  • Selective Attention
  • Divided Attention
  • Substained Attention
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4
Q

Selective attention

A

Focus on relevant information
Attend to relevant info, filter our irrelevant info

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5
Q

Divided attention

A

Performing two or more tasks at one e.g. walking and talking

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6
Q

Sustained attention

A

Maintain attention over time.
Other factors may play a part
Task difficulty and physical difficulty

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7
Q

What test can be used to test selective attention?

A

Stroop test - reaction times when stimuli are congruent and incongruent

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of memory ?

A

Episodic, working and semantic

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9
Q

Episodic memory

A

Everyday events e.g. time and location.

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10
Q

Working memory

A

Temporary store of information for decision-making e.g. reading a recipe

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11
Q

What is a test for working memory ?

A

Digit span test

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12
Q

Semantic memory

A

General knowledge of the world e.g. facts, ideas, concepts

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13
Q

Auditory comprehension in ageing

A

A complex process
Various models to explain it
Happens rapidly

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14
Q

Study which tested auditory comprehension in adults?

A

Meunier study-syntactically ambiguous sentences.

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15
Q

What are the five stages of speech production?

A

Conceptual
Syntactic
Lexical
Phonological
Phonetic

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16
Q

Conceptual speech production stage

A

Where speaker identifies the meanings they want to communiate

17
Q

Lexical speech production stage

A

Speaker searches for and selects words based on meaning

18
Q

Syntactic stage of speech production

A

Frame is chosen for sentence structure

19
Q

Phonological stage of speech production

A

Where abstract information is converted to speech sounds

20
Q

Phonetic stage of speech production

A

Instructions are prepared to be sent to the articulators

21
Q

Tip-of -the-tongue

A

We know what we want to say, but cannot produce it

22
Q

Transmission deficit hypothesis

A

Connections between the various levels within the psycholinguistic model can become weakened for various different reasons

23
Q

Language - reading

A

Does not decline with age
Slower due to visual difficulties

24
Q

Visiospatial function

A

How we relate visual information to the space around us e.g. movement, depth and distance

25
Q

Tests used for visiospatial function

A

Benton judgement of line orientation test
Triangle-to-completion task

26
Q

What is an example of visiospatial decline due to age?

A

Navigation

27
Q

Executive function

A

Enables us to regulate, control and manage thoughts and actions e.g. planning and problem solving

28
Q

Which part of the brain is associated with executive function?

A

Frontal lobe

29
Q

Which tests can assess executive function?

A

Clock test
Tower of London takes

30
Q

Ferguson et al (2021)

A

Suggests planning and inhibitory control declines across adulthood

31
Q

What sensory change occurs due to age ?

A

Presbyopia

32
Q

What is presbyopia

A

Difficulty reading small print

33
Q

Non-modifiable risks

A

Age, race, ethnicity, gender and genetics

34
Q

Modifiable risks

A

Diabetes, head injuries, lifestyle and education

35
Q

Non-pharmalogical lifestyle intervention

A

Physical activity, healthy diet (med rich) and cognitive training

36
Q

Physical activity can have a positive effect on what ?

A

Synaptic function

37
Q

What are the positive effects of physical activity on ageing?

A

Contribute to vascularisation and residence against oxidative stress, which has a positive effect on cognitive functions.

38
Q

Med rich diet

A

Olive oil and nuts

Brain And Behaviour (8 decks)

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