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Brain And Behaviour > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is neurology ?

A

The anatomy and function of the nervous system.

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2
Q

Neuropsychology

A

The relationship between the nervous system and high level cognitive functions e.g. behaviour, cognition, mental states

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3
Q

Materialism

A

The mind is a result of physical processes. It contrasts with Descartes dualism

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4
Q

Descartes dualism

A

The separation of body and soul - ‘I think therefore I am’

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5
Q

Broca’s area

A

Association between left frontal lobe and langue e.g. production and syntax

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6
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Temporal lobe language association e.g. perception and meaning. DOUBLE DISSOCIATION !

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7
Q

Inhibitory

A

Prevents action potential

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8
Q

Which nervous system can regenerate when damaged

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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9
Q

What are the two sub divisions of the autonomic system?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

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10
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Prepares body for action ‘fight or flight’

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11
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Active during times of relaxation and rest ‘business as usual’

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12
Q

what is the role of the spinal cord

A

Sensory info to brain
Motor commands to muscles

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13
Q

What makes up the Brain stem

A

Medulla, pons, midbrain
Mediates essential functions e.g. breathing and heartbeat

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14
Q

What makes up the Hindbrain

A

Medulla, pons and cerebella
Not include midbrain
Regulates movement, sleep and wakefulness

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15
Q

What is the role of the Medulla

A

Controls reflexes e.g. heart rate

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16
Q

What is the role of the cerebellum ?

A

Fine motor skills, coordination, balance
Prediction and error
Attention and language

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17
Q

Which part of the medulla is associated with vision ?

A

Superior colliculus- eye movement and gaze

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18
Q

Which part of the medulla is associated with hearing?

A

Inferior colliculus- sound localisation

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19
Q

Which part of the midbrain is related to movement ?

A

Substantia nigra- projects to basil ganglia to integrate movement

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20
Q

What is the role of the Thalamus

A

Receives information from sensory organs (except olfactory)

21
Q

What is the role of the Hypothalamus

A

Regulates body temp, hunger, thirst, sexual behaviour

22
Q

What is the Frontal lobe associated with ?

A

Movement and cognition

23
Q

What is the parietal lobe associated with?

A

Body sensations, spatial orientation, proprioception

24
Q

What is the Occipital lobe associated with?

A

Primary visual cortex (VI)

25
Q

What can occur when the occipital lobe is damaged ?

A

Cortical blindness associated part of the visual field

26
Q

What does the Forebrain mediate?

A

Cognitive Functions

27
Q

What does the brain stem mediate?

A

Regulatory functions such as eating, drinking and moving.

28
Q

What does the spinal cord do?

A

Conveys sensory information into the brain and sends commands from the brain to the muscles to move.

29
Q

Aristotle’ s mentalism

A

Meaning ‘of the mind’

30
Q

Darwin’s Materialism

A

The idea that behaviour can be fully explained by the workings of the nervous system.

31
Q

Gall’s theory

A

Identified a long list of behavioural traits , assigned each trait to a particular part of the skull and then by inference to the underlying part of the brain.

32
Q

Lateralised language model

A

Wernicke created lateralised language model- suspected a relationship between hearing and speech function. Described cases in which aphasia patients had lesions in this auditory area of the temporal lobe

33
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

The ability of neural networks in the brain to change through growth and reorganization.

34
Q

Ventral Stream

A

From the visual cortex to the temporal lobe for object identification

35
Q

Dorsal stream

A

Pathway from the visual cortex to the parietal cortex to guide object recognition.

36
Q

Which fissures divide the brains hemispheres?

A

Longitudinal and lateral

37
Q

What are the folds in the cortex called

A

Gyri

38
Q

What are the creases between the folds in the cortex called

A

Sulci

39
Q

Where is the temporal lobe located?

A

Below the lateral fissure

40
Q

Where is the frontal lobe located?

A

Above the temporal beneath the frontal bones

41
Q

Where is the parietal lobe located

A

Behind the frontal lobe

42
Q

Where is the occipital lobe located?

A

Area at the back of the hemispheres

43
Q

What are the divisions of the diencephalon ?

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Mamillary bodies

44
Q

Where is the diencephalon located?

A

Forebrain

45
Q

What makes up the basil ganglia?

A

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globes pallidus

46
Q

What makes up the limbic system?

A

Cingulate cortex
Hippocampus
Amygdala

47
Q

Where is the limbic system located?

A

Cerebrum

48
Q

Where is the basil ganglia located?

A

Cerebrum

Brain And Behaviour (8 decks)

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