Neuroanatomy Flashcards
What is neurology ?
The anatomy and function of the nervous system.
Neuropsychology
The relationship between the nervous system and high level cognitive functions e.g. behaviour, cognition, mental states
Materialism
The mind is a result of physical processes. It contrasts with Descartes dualism
Descartes dualism
The separation of body and soul - ‘I think therefore I am’
Broca’s area
Association between left frontal lobe and langue e.g. production and syntax
Wernicke’s area
Temporal lobe language association e.g. perception and meaning. DOUBLE DISSOCIATION !
Inhibitory
Prevents action potential
Which nervous system can regenerate when damaged
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
What are the two sub divisions of the autonomic system?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Prepares body for action ‘fight or flight’
Parasympathetic
Active during times of relaxation and rest ‘business as usual’
what is the role of the spinal cord
Sensory info to brain
Motor commands to muscles
What makes up the Brain stem
Medulla, pons, midbrain
Mediates essential functions e.g. breathing and heartbeat
What makes up the Hindbrain
Medulla, pons and cerebella
Not include midbrain
Regulates movement, sleep and wakefulness
What is the role of the Medulla
Controls reflexes e.g. heart rate
What is the role of the cerebellum ?
Fine motor skills, coordination, balance
Prediction and error
Attention and language
Which part of the medulla is associated with vision ?
Superior colliculus- eye movement and gaze
Which part of the medulla is associated with hearing?
Inferior colliculus- sound localisation
Which part of the midbrain is related to movement ?
Substantia nigra- projects to basil ganglia to integrate movement
What is the role of the Thalamus
Receives information from sensory organs (except olfactory)
What is the role of the Hypothalamus
Regulates body temp, hunger, thirst, sexual behaviour
What is the Frontal lobe associated with ?
Movement and cognition
What is the parietal lobe associated with?
Body sensations, spatial orientation, proprioception
What is the Occipital lobe associated with?
Primary visual cortex (VI)
What can occur when the occipital lobe is damaged ?
Cortical blindness associated part of the visual field
What does the Forebrain mediate?
Cognitive Functions
What does the brain stem mediate?
Regulatory functions such as eating, drinking and moving.
What does the spinal cord do?
Conveys sensory information into the brain and sends commands from the brain to the muscles to move.
Aristotle’ s mentalism
Meaning ‘of the mind’
Darwin’s Materialism
The idea that behaviour can be fully explained by the workings of the nervous system.
Gall’s theory
Identified a long list of behavioural traits , assigned each trait to a particular part of the skull and then by inference to the underlying part of the brain.
Lateralised language model
Wernicke created lateralised language model- suspected a relationship between hearing and speech function. Described cases in which aphasia patients had lesions in this auditory area of the temporal lobe
Neuroplasticity
The ability of neural networks in the brain to change through growth and reorganization.
Ventral Stream
From the visual cortex to the temporal lobe for object identification
Dorsal stream
Pathway from the visual cortex to the parietal cortex to guide object recognition.
Which fissures divide the brains hemispheres?
Longitudinal and lateral
What are the folds in the cortex called
Gyri
What are the creases between the folds in the cortex called
Sulci
Where is the temporal lobe located?
Below the lateral fissure
Where is the frontal lobe located?
Above the temporal beneath the frontal bones
Where is the parietal lobe located
Behind the frontal lobe
Where is the occipital lobe located?
Area at the back of the hemispheres
What are the divisions of the diencephalon ?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Mamillary bodies
Where is the diencephalon located?
Forebrain
What makes up the basil ganglia?
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globes pallidus
What makes up the limbic system?
Cingulate cortex
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Where is the limbic system located?
Cerebrum
Where is the basil ganglia located?
Cerebrum
