Neaural Control Of Action And Disorders Of Motor Fucntion

Question 1

Motor system

Answer 1

Part of the nervous system implicated in all movement

Question 2

What is the role of the prefrontal cortex

Answer 2

Plans movements

Question 3

What is the role of the premotor cortex?

Answer 3

Organises movement sequences

Question 4

What is the role of motor cortex?

Answer 4

Produces specific movements

Question 5

What is the role of posterior cortex?

Answer 5

Provides sensory information

Question 6

Midline lesions in the homunulous affect what?

Answer 6

• balance
• posture
• walking
• eye movements

Question 7

Lateral lesions in the homunculus affect what?

Answer 7

• arms
• hands
• fingers

Question 8

What is the role of the basil ganglia

Answer 8

Regulates activity in motor and pre-motor cortex
Release of inhibition allows motor system to produce action

Question 9

What is hyperkinetic disorder?

Answer 9

Involuntary/ exaggerated movements e.g. Tourette’s disorder

Question 10

What is a hypokinetic disorder?

Answer 10

Muscle rigidity/ difficulty invitations movements e.g. Parkinson’s disease

Question 11

Excitatory activity to Gpi

Answer 11

• inhibits activity to thalamus
• lower input to cortex
• reduces force

Question 12

Inhibitory activity to Gpi

Answer 12

• Thalamic activity less inhibited
• Higher input to cortex
• increase in force

Question 13

Lateral premotor cortex

Answer 13

• Input from parietal lobes
• monitoring state of environment
• role in interacting with external objects

Question 14

Medial premotor cortex

Answer 14

SMA: supplementary motor area
- strong proprioceptive connections
- associated with well-learned actions

Question 15

What are the symptoms of ataxia?

Answer 15

• loss of controlled and coordinated muscle movements.
• irregulatrity of muscle action

Question 16

What ares of the brain is associated with ataxia?

Answer 16

Cerebellum

Question 17

What are the symptoms of apraxia?

Answer 17

• inability to make or copy purposeful movements despite proper coordination and adequate muscle power

Question 18

What area of the brain is associated with apraxia?

Answer 18

Cerebral cortex

Question 19

What are the three types of apraxia?

Answer 19

• ideometer apraxia
• constructional apraxia
  -apraxia of speech

Question 20

What is ideometer apraxia?

Answer 20

Inability to plan or complete voluntary actions

Question 21

What is an example of something that someone cannot do with ideometer apraxia?

Answer 21

• tying their shoes

Question 22

What is constructional apraxia?

Answer 22

Disorder of spatial organisation

Question 23

What activity would someone with constructional apraxia find challenging?

Answer 23

• completing a jigsaw
• drawing a picture

Question 24

What part of the brain is damaged in ideometer apraxia?

Answer 24

Left posterior parietal Cortex

Question 25

What part of the brain is damaged in constructional apraxia?

Answer 25

Either posterior parietal lobes