Stridor & Sleep Apnoea Flashcards
1
Q
Define stridor
A
inspiratory wheeze due to large airway obstruction
2
Q
State four childhood causes of stridor
A
- infections
- foreign body
- anaphylaxis
- other e.g. burns
3
Q
State four adult causes of stridor
A
- neoplasms
- anaphylaxis
- goitre
- trauma
4
Q
What is tracheomalacia?
A
collapse of the airway while breathing
5
Q
What is the main symptom of tracheomalacia?
A
stridor
6
Q
What investigations should be done for a patient with stridor?
A
- laryngoscopy
- bronchoscopy
- flow volume loop
- CXR
- CT/Thyroid scan
7
Q
What is the treatment for stridor?
A
- remove underlying cause
- mask bag ventilation with high flow oxygen
- cricothyroidotomy
- tracheostomy
8
Q
Define sleep apnoea
A
intermittent uper airway collapse in sleep
9
Q
State eight risk factors of sleep apnoea
A
- obesity
- male
- smokers
- enlarged tonsils/adenoids
- neurological
- drugs
- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- airway pathology
10
Q
What are the consequences of sleep apnoea?
A
- excessive daytime sleeping
- personality change
- cognitive/functional impairment
- snoring/choking at night
- hypertension
- raised CRP
- type 2 respiratory failure
- cor pulmonale
11
Q
What is the treatment for sleep apnoea?
A
Remove underlying cause
CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure)
Mandibular Advancement device can improve snoring
Surgery to relieve obstruction
