Histology

Question 1

What does the nasal cavity do?

Answer 1

Warms, moistens and filters inspired air

Question 2

Describe the type of cells in the nasal cavity

Answer 2

Respiratory epithelium, with the lamina propria underneath

Question 3

What can be found in the lamina propria?

Answer 3

Band of loose connective tissue containing seromucous glands and thin walled venous sinuses

Question 4

Describe the type of cells in the oropharynx/epiglottis

Answer 4

The oropharynx is lined with non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium as is the anterior surface & upper part of the posterior surface of the epiglottis

Question 5

Describe the histology of the larynx

Answer 5

The wall are made up of cartilage and muscle with RE lining its surface

Question 6

In the larynx what is the exception

Answer 6

The vocal cords are covered with stratified squamous epithelium

Question 7

Describe the structure of the trachea

Answer 7

15-20 C shaped cartilages, the open end of the C is spanned by fibroelastic tissue and smooth muscle

Question 8

What type of cells line the tracheal wall?

Answer 8

Respiratory epithelium backed by a basal lamina, lamina propria of connective tissue, submucosa with seromucous glands

Question 9

What three components make up the bronchi wall?

Answer 9

respiratory epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis

Question 10

Describe the muscularis

Answer 10

a ring of smooth muscle with submucosa, adipose tissue and seromucous glands

Question 11

Describe the bronchioles

Answer 11

They lack cartilage and glands but may contain goblet cells. The epithelium changes from columnar to cuboidal as they decrease in size.

Question 12

What can the smooth muscle in the bronchioles do?

Answer 12

Respond to parasympathetic innervation, histamine and other factors by contracting and constricting

Question 13

Describe the terminal bronchioles

Answer 13

Lined with cuboidal ciliated epithelium and contain non-ciliated club cells

Question 14

What is the role of club cells?

Answer 14

• stem cells
• detoxification
• immunity
• production of surfactant

Question 15

What important transition do the terminal bronchioles mark?

Answer 15

The end of the conducting airway and the start of the respiratory airway where gas exchange occurs

Question 16

Name three cell types found in the alveoli

Answer 16

• type 1 alveolar cells
• type 2 alveolar cells
• macrophage

Question 17

Describe type 1 alveolar cells

Answer 17

simple squamous epithelium that lines the alveolar surfaces, provide a barrier of minimal thickness that is permeable to gases

Question 18

Describe type 2 alveolar cells

Answer 18

free surface is covered by microvilli and the cytoplasm displays dense membrane young lamellar bodies which contain surfactant

Question 19

What does surfactant do?

Answer 19

Released by exocytosis it spreads over the pulmonary surface to reduce surface tension

Question 20

Describe alveolar macrophage

Answer 20

Free cells that phagocytose inhaled particles that have avoided entrapment by the mucous lining of the airway

Question 21

What type of cells are found in the visceral pleura?

Answer 21

Outer layer of simple squamous epithelium called mesothelium backed by layers of fibrous and connective tissue