stress study guide đź’— Flashcards
what are vital signs?
objective measurement of body’s essential functions
what are the seven factors that can affect heart rate (pulse rate)?
age, exercise, disease, drugs, temp, posture and stress
what differences do you see between male and female heart rates?
female heart rates are higher
what similarities do you see between male and female heart rates?
they have their highest peak in their 40s
what is hypertension?
high blood pressure
what are the blood pressure range values for hypertension?
systolic readings of 130 mm Hg or higher, or diastolic readings of 80 mm Hg or higher
what are some causes of hypertension?
diet, medications, stress, genetics, pregnancy, obesity and atherosclerosis
what is respiration?
movement of oxygen from the outside environment to the cells within tissues, and the removal of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction that’s to the environment
when the diaphragm causes the lungs to increase in volume what happens to the pressure inside the lungs?
lung pressure decreases
will air then enter or leave the lungs?
air enters the lungs
what are seven factors that can affect respiratory rate?
age, pain, emotion, air passage resitance, fever, lung elasticity and temp
the nervous system controls both heart rate and breathing rate
true
what does the somatic nervous system include?
somatic sensory/motor fibers and voluntary actions
what does the autonomic/involuntary nervous system include?
involuntary functions, visceral motor/sensory systems
what is sympathetic known for?
fight or flight
what is parasympathetic known for?
rest and digest
the perception of threat activates the ___ nervous system and triggers an acute stress response that prepares the body to ___
sympathetic and fight or flight
what are the three stress hormones?
epinephrine, cortisol and norepinephrine
what are epinephrine and norepinephrine?
they are chemical messengers that function as hormones as well as neurotransmitters
cortisol
steroid hormone that regulates a wide range of processes throughout the body, including metabolism and the immune response
what is the difference between epinephrine and norepinephrine?
epinephrine has slightly more of an effect on your heart, norepinephrine has more of an effect on your blood vessels
what are similarities between epinephrine and norepinephrine?
both play a role in your body’s natural fight-or-flight response to stress and have important medical uses, travel through the bloodstream and they tell organs and tissues to work in different ways
what does the adrenal medulla do?
controls hormones that initiate fight or flight and mainly secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
what is cortisol secreted by?
cortex of the adrenal glands
why is sweat produced by eccrine (sweat) glands salty?
sodium and chloride
where are these glands concentrated?
soles of feet, hands and on head
how could you decrease level of stress hormones since prolonged stress is unhealthy?
balanced diet, limit caffeine, get enough sleep, having fun, hobby
why is skin conductance a measure of stress?
immediate secretion of sweat by eccrine sweat glands
what method or test is used by law enforcement to test for deception?
polygraph examinations
which two body systems work closely together as pointed out by the activity?
circulatory and respiratory
the four things lie detectors test for are…
heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, skin conductivity (sweat)
two situations in which your heart rate and respiration rate might increase in are…
emotions, exercise
two situations in which your heart rate and respiration might decrease in are…
sleep, meditation
three things to look for in a polygraph test to see if the subject might be lying are…
blood pressure/heart rate, respiratory, electro-dermal activity
what kind of specific questions should you ask on polygraph test?
inquiry questions because they are direct answers
what is the purpose of asking “baseline” questions?
compared difference of chart when lying and telling the truth
what is the purpose of “inquiry questions”?
more accurate answers
three problems with polygraph tests are…
could be manipulated, inaccurate and stress levels could already be high
two reasons why polygraph tests should not be used are because…
inaccuracy, manipulation
