psychological research (3) 🎀

Question 1

psychology

Answer 1

scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Question 2

nature vs. nurture

Answer 2

nature refers to how genetics influence an individual’s personality, whereas nurture refers to how their environment (including relationships and experiences) impacts their development

Question 3

scientific method

Answer 3

a method of learning about the world through the application of critical thinking and tools such as observation, experimentation, and statistical analysis

Question 4

theory

Answer 4

an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations

Question 5

hypothesis

Answer 5

a testable prediction, often implied by a theory

Question 6

operational definition

Answer 6

a statement of procedures (operations) used to define research variables. (ex: memory may be defined as “number of words correctly recalled from a list”)

Question 7

archival research

Answer 7

use of existing records to answer various research questions

Question 8

naturalistic observation

Answer 8

accurately observe and record behavior in the environment in which it normally occurs

Question 9

survey method

Answer 9

series of questions asked to the respondents in order to understand their thought processes and mental state

Question 10

case study

Answer 10

use of a descriptive research approach to obtain an in-depth analysis of a person, group, or phenomenon

Question 11

correlation research

Answer 11

researcher measures two variables and assesses the statistical relationship

Question 12

experiment

Answer 12

research method in which the researcher manipulates and controls certain variables to observe the effects on other variables

Question 13

control group vs. experimental group

Answer 13

(not) exposed to independent variable

Question 14

independent variable

Answer 14

variable that the researcher will actively manipulate and, if the hypothesis is correct, that will cause a change in the dependent variable

Question 15

dependent variable

Answer 15

variable that should show the effect of the independent variable

Question 16

replication

Answer 16

repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances

Question 17

validity

Answer 17

assumes that the test in question measures precisely what it aims to measure

Question 18

ethics

Answer 18

thinking about reasons in terms of values

Question 19

placebo

Answer 19

inactive substance or condition administered used to control for confounding variables

Question 20

stanford prison experiment

Answer 20

a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants’ reactions and behaviors - good people can be transformed into perpetrators of evil