heart study guide 💗

Question 1

where is the heart located?

Answer 1

between the lungs

Question 2

which way does the apex (tip) point?

Answer 2

towards the left hip

Question 3

what are the two layers the pericardium has?

Answer 3

fibrous and serous - parietal and visceral

Question 4

what are the three layers of the heart?

Answer 4

epicardium (outermost layer) myocardium (thick twisting bundles of cardiac muscles to provide contractions) and endocardium (thin layers lining heart chambers)

Question 5

describe the pulmonary circuit

Answer 5

carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back, picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide

Question 6

describe the systemic circuit

Answer 6

carries blood from the heart to the body tissue and back, drops off oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide

Question 7

which vessels make up the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 7

pulmonary trunk and pulmonary veins

Question 8

which vessels make up the systemic circuit?

Answer 8

aorta and venae cava - superior/inferior

Question 9

describe superior vena cava

Answer 9

brings oxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart

Question 10

describe inferior vena cava

Answer 10

brings deoxygenated blood from the abdomen to the right side of the heart

Question 11

what are the four chambers the heart is divided into?

Answer 11

right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle and left ventricle

Question 12

what type of blood does the left side of the heart receive from the pulmonary veins?

Answer 12

oxygenated

Question 13

what type of blood does the right side of the heart receive from the body tissues?

Answer 13

deoxygenated

Question 14

what prevents the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing?

Answer 14

septum

Question 15

what are valves?

Answer 15

flaps of tissue that prevent blood from flowing backwards

Question 16

what is between the aria and ventricles?

Answer 16

atrioventricular (AV) valves

Question 17

what valve is in the right side of the heart?

Answer 17

tricuspid valve consisting of three flaps of tissue

Question 18

what valve is in the left side of the heart?

Answer 18

bicuspid and mitral valves consisting of two flaps of tissue

Question 19

what’s between the ventricles and blood vessels?

Answer 19

semilunar valves

Question 20

which side of the heart is the pulmonary valve located in?

Answer 20

right side

Question 21

which side of the heart is the aortic valve located in?

Answer 21

left side

Question 22

right atrium

Answer 22

receives deoxygenated blood from body tissue and is covered by auricle

Question 23

pulmonary veins

Answer 23

brings oxygenated blood from the lungs

Question 24

coronary blood vessels

Answer 24

provides oxygen from heart itself, veins (blue) arteries (red)

Question 25

right ventricle

Answer 25

receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium

Question 26

aorta

Answer 26

takes oxygenated blood to body tissues

Question 26

left atrium

Answer 26

receives oxygenated blood from lungs and is covered by auricle

Question 27

pulmonary arteries

Answer 27

carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up more oxygen

Question 28

left ventricle

Answer 28

receives oxygenated blood from left atrium

Question 29

semilunar valves

Answer 29

prevents flow backwards into the heart

Question 29

what's the flow of the deoxygenated blood?

Answer 29

from body tissues to superior/inferior vena cava to right atrium to right ventricle to pulmonary arteries to lungs (to pick up more oxygen and drop of carbon dioxide)

Question 30

what's the flow of the oxygenated blood?

Answer 30

from lungs to pulmonary veins to left atrium to left ventricle to aorta (to drop off oxygen to rest of body)

Question 31

the intrinsic conduction system sets the pace for heart contractions. what is special about the tissue of this system?

Answer 31

generates their own impulse

Question 32

the senatorial (SA) node

Answer 32

begins the impulse, causes the contraction of the atria and also called cardiac pacemaker

Question 33

the atrioventricular (AV) node

Answer 33

where impulse reaches, AV node pauses, letting the atria empty into the ventricles

Question 34

the AV bundle and the bundle branches to the purkinje fibers

Answer 34

impulse continues, purkinje fibers contract the ventricles sending blood out of the heart

Question 35

what is a heartbeat? (or cardiac cycle)

Answer 35

one contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle

Question 36

what is diastole?

Answer 36

relaxation of heart and filling of blood

Question 37

what is systole?

Answer 37

contraction of heart

Question 38

what is heart rate?

Answer 38

the frequency of a heartbeat which occurs about 75 times each minute

Question 39

what are the stages of diastole?

Answer 39

a. atrial contraction (ventricles fill with blood) b. AV valve closes (making first sound "lub")

Question 40

what are the stages of systole?

Answer 40

a. contraction b. ejection phase c. semilunar valves close d. relaxation

Question 41

what is stroke volume?

Answer 41

volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle in a heartbeat (ml/beat)

Question 41

what is cardiac output?

Answer 41

amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute (heart rate x stroke volume)

Question 42

what is heart rate?

Answer 42

number of times the heart beats per minute (beats/min)

Question 43

what affects stroke volume?

Answer 43

exercise and rapid blood loss

Question 43

what causes blood pressure?

Answer 43

amount of blood the heart pumps and how hard it is for the blood to move through the arteries

Question 44

why are there two numbers associated with blood pressure?

Answer 44

systolic and diastolic

Question 45

blood pressure cannot be measured with echocardiography

Answer 45

true