heart study guide 💗 Flashcards
where is the heart located?
between the lungs
which way does the apex (tip) point?
towards the left hip
what are the two layers the pericardium has?
fibrous and serous - parietal and visceral
what are the three layers of the heart?
epicardium (outermost layer) myocardium (thick twisting bundles of cardiac muscles to provide contractions) and endocardium (thin layers lining heart chambers)
describe the pulmonary circuit
carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back, picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide
describe the systemic circuit
carries blood from the heart to the body tissue and back, drops off oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide
which vessels make up the pulmonary circuit?
pulmonary trunk and pulmonary veins
which vessels make up the systemic circuit?
aorta and venae cava - superior/inferior
describe superior vena cava
brings oxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart
describe inferior vena cava
brings deoxygenated blood from the abdomen to the right side of the heart
what are the four chambers the heart is divided into?
right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle and left ventricle
what type of blood does the left side of the heart receive from the pulmonary veins?
oxygenated
what type of blood does the right side of the heart receive from the body tissues?
deoxygenated
what prevents the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing?
septum
what are valves?
flaps of tissue that prevent blood from flowing backwards
what is between the aria and ventricles?
atrioventricular (AV) valves
what valve is in the right side of the heart?
tricuspid valve consisting of three flaps of tissue
what valve is in the left side of the heart?
bicuspid and mitral valves consisting of two flaps of tissue
what’s between the ventricles and blood vessels?
semilunar valves
which side of the heart is the pulmonary valve located in?
right side
which side of the heart is the aortic valve located in?
left side
right atrium
receives deoxygenated blood from body tissue and is covered by auricle
pulmonary veins
brings oxygenated blood from the lungs
coronary blood vessels
provides oxygen from heart itself, veins (blue) arteries (red)
right ventricle
receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium
aorta
takes oxygenated blood to body tissues
left atrium
receives oxygenated blood from lungs and is covered by auricle
pulmonary arteries
carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up more oxygen
left ventricle
receives oxygenated blood from left atrium
semilunar valves
prevents flow backwards into the heart
what’s the flow of the deoxygenated blood?
from body tissues to superior/inferior vena cava to right atrium to right ventricle to pulmonary arteries to lungs (to pick up more oxygen and drop of carbon dioxide)
what’s the flow of the oxygenated blood?
from lungs to pulmonary veins to left atrium to left ventricle to aorta (to drop off oxygen to rest of body)
the intrinsic conduction system sets the pace for heart contractions. what is special about the tissue of this system?
generates their own impulse
the senatorial (SA) node
begins the impulse, causes the contraction of the atria and also called cardiac pacemaker
the atrioventricular (AV) node
where impulse reaches, AV node pauses, letting the atria empty into the ventricles
the AV bundle and the bundle branches to the purkinje fibers
impulse continues, purkinje fibers contract the ventricles sending blood out of the heart
what is a heartbeat? (or cardiac cycle)
one contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle
what is diastole?
relaxation of heart and filling of blood
what is systole?
contraction of heart
what is heart rate?
the frequency of a heartbeat which occurs about 75 times each minute
what are the stages of diastole?
a. atrial contraction (ventricles fill with blood)
b. AV valve closes (making first sound “lub”)
what are the stages of systole?
a. contraction
b. ejection phase
c. semilunar valves close
d. relaxation
what is stroke volume?
volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle in a heartbeat (ml/beat)
what is cardiac output?
amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute (heart rate x stroke volume)
what is heart rate?
number of times the heart beats per minute (beats/min)
what affects stroke volume?
exercise and rapid blood loss
what causes blood pressure?
amount of blood the heart pumps and how hard it is for the blood to move through the arteries
why are there two numbers associated with blood pressure?
systolic and diastolic
blood pressure cannot be measured with echocardiography
true
