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f l a s h c a r d s > heart study guide 💗 > Flashcards

heart study guide 💗 Flashcards

1
Q

where is the heart located?

A

between the lungs

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2
Q

which way does the apex (tip) point?

A

towards the left hip

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3
Q

what are the two layers the pericardium has?

A

fibrous and serous - parietal and visceral

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4
Q

what are the three layers of the heart?

A

epicardium (outermost layer) myocardium (thick twisting bundles of cardiac muscles to provide contractions) and endocardium (thin layers lining heart chambers)

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5
Q

describe the pulmonary circuit

A

carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back, picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide

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6
Q

describe the systemic circuit

A

carries blood from the heart to the body tissue and back, drops off oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide

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7
Q

which vessels make up the pulmonary circuit?

A

pulmonary trunk and pulmonary veins

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8
Q

which vessels make up the systemic circuit?

A

aorta and venae cava - superior/inferior

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9
Q

describe superior vena cava

A

brings oxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart

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10
Q

describe inferior vena cava

A

brings deoxygenated blood from the abdomen to the right side of the heart

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11
Q

what are the four chambers the heart is divided into?

A

right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle and left ventricle

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12
Q

what type of blood does the left side of the heart receive from the pulmonary veins?

A

oxygenated

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13
Q

what type of blood does the right side of the heart receive from the body tissues?

A

deoxygenated

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14
Q

what prevents the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing?

A

septum

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15
Q

what are valves?

A

flaps of tissue that prevent blood from flowing backwards

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16
Q

what is between the aria and ventricles?

A

atrioventricular (AV) valves

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17
Q

what valve is in the right side of the heart?

A

tricuspid valve consisting of three flaps of tissue

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18
Q

what valve is in the left side of the heart?

A

bicuspid and mitral valves consisting of two flaps of tissue

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19
Q

what’s between the ventricles and blood vessels?

A

semilunar valves

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20
Q

which side of the heart is the pulmonary valve located in?

A

right side

21
Q

which side of the heart is the aortic valve located in?

A

left side

22
Q

right atrium

A

receives deoxygenated blood from body tissue and is covered by auricle

23
Q

pulmonary veins

A

brings oxygenated blood from the lungs

24
Q

coronary blood vessels

A

provides oxygen from heart itself, veins (blue) arteries (red)

25
Q

right ventricle

A

receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium

26
Q

aorta

A

takes oxygenated blood to body tissues

26
Q

left atrium

A

receives oxygenated blood from lungs and is covered by auricle

27
Q

pulmonary arteries

A

carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up more oxygen

28
Q

left ventricle

A

receives oxygenated blood from left atrium

29
Q

semilunar valves

A

prevents flow backwards into the heart

29
Q

what’s the flow of the deoxygenated blood?

A

from body tissues to superior/inferior vena cava to right atrium to right ventricle to pulmonary arteries to lungs (to pick up more oxygen and drop of carbon dioxide)

30
Q

what’s the flow of the oxygenated blood?

A

from lungs to pulmonary veins to left atrium to left ventricle to aorta (to drop off oxygen to rest of body)

31
Q

the intrinsic conduction system sets the pace for heart contractions. what is special about the tissue of this system?

A

generates their own impulse

32
Q

the senatorial (SA) node

A

begins the impulse, causes the contraction of the atria and also called cardiac pacemaker

33
Q

the atrioventricular (AV) node

A

where impulse reaches, AV node pauses, letting the atria empty into the ventricles

34
Q

the AV bundle and the bundle branches to the purkinje fibers

A

impulse continues, purkinje fibers contract the ventricles sending blood out of the heart

35
Q

what is a heartbeat? (or cardiac cycle)

A

one contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle

36
Q

what is diastole?

A

relaxation of heart and filling of blood

37
Q

what is systole?

A

contraction of heart

38
Q

what is heart rate?

A

the frequency of a heartbeat which occurs about 75 times each minute

39
Q

what are the stages of diastole?

A

a. atrial contraction (ventricles fill with blood)
b. AV valve closes (making first sound “lub”)

40
Q

what are the stages of systole?

A

a. contraction
b. ejection phase
c. semilunar valves close
d. relaxation

41
Q

what is stroke volume?

A

volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle in a heartbeat (ml/beat)

41
Q

what is cardiac output?

A

amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute (heart rate x stroke volume)

42
Q

what is heart rate?

A

number of times the heart beats per minute (beats/min)

43
Q

what affects stroke volume?

A

exercise and rapid blood loss

43
Q

what causes blood pressure?

A

amount of blood the heart pumps and how hard it is for the blood to move through the arteries

44
Q

why are there two numbers associated with blood pressure?

A

systolic and diastolic

45
Q

blood pressure cannot be measured with echocardiography

A

true

f l a s h c a r d s (10 decks)

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