Stress, Anxiety, Adaptation, and Change (CH 23)

Question 1

Stressor

Answer 1

Any situation, event or agent that threatens a person’s security

Question 2

Adaptation

Answer 2

Ongoing process towards homeostasis; holistic involving all dimensions of an individual

Question 3

Selye

Answer 3

General Adaptation Syndrom; physiological response to stress (response is the same whether the stressor is real or imagined)

Question 4

General Adaptation Theory Stages

Answer 4

Alarm:stressors are threatening and the body activates changes that are ready for fight or flight
Resistance: Fight or fligh occurs; long term coping depletes adaptive energy
Exhaustion: The body has used up all it’s adaptive energy and can no longer cope

Question 5

Local Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 5

Physiological response to a stressor that is localized (ie stepping on a nail)

Question 6

Two possibilites for stress

Answer 6

1. personal growth

2. risk of disorganization and distress

Question 7

Maladaptation

Answer 7

the process of coping ineffectively

Question 8

Eustress

Answer 8

a type of stress that results in positive outcomes

Question 9

Distress

Answer 9

stressors evoke an ineffective response

Question 10

Crisis

Answer 10

stressors exceed the person’s ability to cope

Question 11

Opportunity in Crisis

Answer 11

Nurses are challenged to help clients discover the opportunities in their crises to adapt in a positive, healthy manner

Question 12

3 Factors that Influence Crisis Resolution

Answer 12

*Perception
*Coping mechanism
*Situational support
All must be balanced to handle a crisis

Question 13

Nursing Interventions for Crisis

Answer 13

focus on reestablishing equilibrium among the 3 factors

Question 14

Axiety

Answer 14

the most common emotional response to stress

Question 15

Defence Mechanism

Answer 15

unconscious operations that protect the mind from anxiety

Question 16

Suppression

Answer 16

conscious mechanism whereby a person decides to avoid dealing with a stressor at the present time

Question 17

Long Term Stress

Answer 17

leads to impairment of the immune system by increased steroid production

Question 18

Depersonalization

Answer 18

the process by which an individual is treated as an object instead of as a person

Question 19

Change

Answer 19

either planned or unplanned

Question 20

Lewins Thoery of Change

Answer 20

Phase I: unfreezing- recognizing a need for change/overcoming resistance
Phase II: Moving- implementing the change
Phase III: Refreezing- reinforcing new behaviors/ evaluating results/ making revisions if necessary

Question 21

Lippitt’s Theory

Answer 21

Are seven phases

Question 22

Change Agent

Answer 22

bringing about change to promote positive adaptation; intentionally initiates and creates change

Question 23

Nurse Roles in Change

Answer 23

the nurse empowers the client to initiate change in order to adapt more successfully