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Nursing Fundamentals > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Florence Nightingale

A

active in reforming healthcare; 1860 she opened St Thomas’s Hospital Training School of Nurses; theory and knowledge based nursing; holistic framework, environment that promotes healing, nursing being distinct from medical knowledge; systematic method of assesing clients, individualize care, maintain confidentiality

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2
Q

Lillian Ward

A

first community health nurse; improved housing conditions; initiated change in child labor laws, lenient immigration regulation; supported education of mentally challenged

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3
Q

Isabel Hamptob Robb

A

founded Superintendents Society in 1893; unity throughout nursing on positions and issues; helped establish ANA

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4
Q

Jane Delano

A

believed nurses should train nurses, not physicians; was in the Army Nurses Corps until she worked full time with Red Cross

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5
Q

Annie Goodrich

A

pushed for the establishment of an Army training school for nurses; appointed dean of this school

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6
Q

Adelaide Nutting

A

first nurse to be appointed to a university professorship

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7
Q

Lavinia Dock

A

wrote one of the first nursing textbooks; first editor of the nursing journal

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8
Q

Mary Breckinridge

A

created decentralized system for primary nursing care in Kentucky

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9
Q

Martha Franklin

A

advocated racial equality in nursing; organized the NACGN (colored graduate nurses)

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10
Q

Amelia Greenwald

A

chief nurse in field hospitals in WWII; established school of nursing in Poland; catalyst for international public health nursing

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11
Q

Mamie Hale

A

upgrade education for midwives; decreased suiperstition about midwifery

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12
Q

Mary Mahoney

A

first AA professional nurse; respect for cultural diversity

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13
Q

Harriet Nueton Phillips

A

first American nurse to receive a training certificate

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14
Q

Linda Richards

A

introduced nursing notes and physcians orders as part of the record; nurses wearing uniforms

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15
Q

Margaret Sanger

A

birth control; fout to revise legislation that prohibited BC information; founded American BC League

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16
Q

Adah Bell Thoms

A

equal rights for AA nurses in the Red Cross and Army Nurses Corps

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17
Q

Flexner Report

A

brought about these changes: closure of inadequate medical schools, consolidation of schools with limited resources, creation of nonprofit status for the remaining schools, establishment of medical education in university setting based on standards and economic resources

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18
Q

Blue Cross/Blue Shield

A

started because of the Depression; 1920= hospitals offered prepaied hospital plan which lead to Blue Cross; Blue Shield was developed by the AMA to provide reimbursement for medical services; 1935= gov’t became more involved in health care delivery

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19
Q

Goldmark Report

A

investigate the training of nurses; data collection and sampling of 1800 schools (used 23 schools); identified major weaknesses of hospital based training (needs of the hospital came before education); concluded that nurses should learn in university setting

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20
Q

Brown Report

A

reported similar problems to Goldmark; the need for nurses to demonstrate greater professional competence

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21
Q

1960’s

A

growth and change; nurse shortages; feminist movement; inception of NP’s; focus on health maintenance

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22
Q

1970’s

A

health care cost escalating; nursing theories were being developed; nursing education was integrated into universities; nurses were organizing to affect health care

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23
Q

1980’s

A

nursing became more specialized; expanded roles of nurses; proliferation of HMO in the early 1980’s

24
Q

1990’s

A

nurses actively assuming more responsibility; aging population=more involvement with elderly; shaping policies for health care reform; nurses were strong advocates for weak populations

25
Q

Scope of Theories

A

grand- composed of concepts representing global and extremely complex
middle-range- addresses more concrete and more narrow defined phenomena
micro-range- most concrete and narrow in scope

26
Q

Nightingale Theory

A

care for the person, not the illness; manipulation of environment to maintain a state of health (cleanliness, light, pure air, water, and efficient drainage)

27
Q

Peplau Theory

A

Interpersonal Relations in Nursing; nurse-client relationship is important

28
Q

Virginia Henderson theory

A

basic human needs (14) are the basis of nursing care; help client from dependence to independence

29
Q

Joyce Travelbee

A

existentialism- individual existence in an incomprehensible world; focused on human-human relationship and finding meaning in experiences such as pain, illness and distress

30
Q

Myra Levine

A 
Four conservation principles;
1. conservation of energy
2. conservation of structural integrity
3. conservation of personal integrity
4. conservation of social integrity
the person is who they know themselves to be
31
Q

Dorothea Orem

A

self care (learned behavior and a deliberate action in response to a need), self care defecit (nursing care is needed when people are affected and cannot maintain self care) and theory of nursing systems (tries to answer the question “What do nurses do?”)

32
Q

Betty Neuman

A

model focuses on the wellness of the client system in relation to the environment stressors and reactions to stressors: *intrapersonal stressors, *interpersonal stressors, *extrapersonal stressors

33
Q

Madeleine Leininger

A

cultural care diversity; transcultural nursing and sensitivity to the clients cultural beliefs

34
Q

Callista Roy

A

adaptation model- the nurse attempts to alter the environment if the client is not adapting well

35
Q

Jean Watson

A

theory of human caring- focuses on art and science of human caring; human-to-human transactions; care and love comprise the primal universal phsychic energy and are the basis of our humanity

36
Q

Martha Rogers

A

energy fields- the whole of the person’s energy field interacts with the whole of the environmental energy field, which results in the process of life

37
Q

Rosemarie Parse

A

enhance nursing knowledge; quality of life

38
Q

Nursing Research

A

scientific process which validates and refines existing knowledge and generates new knowledge that directly and indirectly influences nursing practice

39
Q

Physiological Needs

A

oxygen, water, food, temperature, elimination, sleep, activity, sex

40
Q

Psychological Needs

A

self-esteem, feelings of security, happiness, sadness

41
Q

Sociocultural Needs

A

feelings of belonging, relationships

42
Q

Intellectual Needs

A

thinking, learning

43
Q

Spiritual Needs

A

being connected to others, haveing a sense of purpose

44
Q

Health Promotion

A

process undertaken to increase the levels of wellness in individuals, families and communities; goals include respect and support of the clients right to make a decision, identify and use clients strengths and assets, and empower the client to promote their own health or healing

45
Q

Offering Self

A

indicates willingness to help, nurse is available physically and emotionally; “I’ll site with you awhile”

46
Q

Broad Openings

A

encourage client to choose topic for discussion; “What do you want to talk about?” “Can you tell me more about that?”

47
Q

Focusing

A

directs conversation towards key topics; “You mention that you are having a problem with…”

48
Q

Open ended Comments

A

unfinished sentences that prompt client to continue; “Tell me about your pain.”

49
Q

Reflection

A

focuses on the content of the client’s message and feelings; “What do you think about that?”

50
Q

Restating

A

repeating or paraphrasing clients main idea; “Sounds like you’re angry.”

51
Q

Exploring

A

attempts to develop in more detail a specific area of concern for the client; “Tell me more about how you feel when you do not take your medication.”

52
Q

Recognition

A

nurse points out observed cues to client; “I notice that you become embarrassed when…”

53
Q

Directing

A

used to collect assessment data, not satisfy the nurses curiosity; “When were you told this?”

54
Q

Isometric exercise

A

maintains muscle tone and strength

55
Q

Isotonic exercise

A

increase and maintain muscle tone and strength; shape muscles; maintain joint mobility; improve cardiovascular fitness

56
Q

Isokinetic exercise

A

ondition muscle groups

57
Q

Wound Healing

A

primary- minimal tissue loss and edges are well approximated
secondary- extensive tissue loss and wounds where the edges cannot be approximated
tertiary- delayed or secondary closure- when the primary closure of a wound is undesireable

Nursing Fundamentals (10 decks)

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