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Concepts > Stress + Anxiety > Flashcards

Stress + Anxiety Flashcards

1
Q

Positive way to deal with stress

A

relaxation techniques

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2
Q

Stress is not always bad. When is this the case?

A

When it motivates us

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3
Q

Stress can affect….

A

mental status, emotional status, spiritual status

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4
Q

Diseases associated with stress

A

hypertension, insomnia, cardiovascular disease, etc, asthma, GI problems

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5
Q

Stimulus causing stress

A

Stressor

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6
Q

Anything an individual may perceive as threatening,

demanding, or a challenge

A

Stressor

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7
Q

Stressors are…

A

individualized

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8
Q

Stressors tend to do what over time?

A

change

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9
Q

Internal stressors

A

Menopause, andropause, fear, apprehension, anxiety

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10
Q

External stressors

A

Noise, people, objects

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11
Q

Physiologic stressors have an affect on the…

A

body. specific + general effect; specific leg, arm, etc.)

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12
Q

Psychosocial stressors have an affect on the…

A

mind, emotions, psychological part of body.

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13
Q

Real and perceived threats

A

Psychosocial

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14
Q

Two types of stress

A

Situational

Maturational/developmental

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15
Q

Dependent on situation you are in; individualized.

A

Situational stress.

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16
Q

Stress that everyone goes through as we are developing

A

Maturational/developmental stress

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17
Q

Long term stress may lead to…

A

Physical + emotional damage
Changes in your ability to adapt
Longer healing time for illness (decreased immune system)

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18
Q

How does stress play a role on he family?

A

May make them stressed, may make them anxious. Family must understand stress, must understand persons response to stress.

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19
Q

Crisis that somebody may have as they are developong (mid-life crisis)

A

Maturational Crisis

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20
Q

personal crisis, individualized.

A

Situational Crisis

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21
Q

a rare accidental and unexpected tragedy that may affect an entire community or population, such as an earthquake, flood, or airplane crash. In addition to injuries, loss of life, and property damage, an adventitious crisis often results in long-term psychological effects.

A

Adventitious Crisis

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22
Q

Ineffective coping mechanisms

A

Drinking, drugs, unhealthy habits

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23
Q

Immediate and involuntary coping response to the

stress

A

Adaptation

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24
Q

changes that take place as a result to…

A

the response of the stressor

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25
Q

Adaptation can occur at…

A

the individual level as well within the

family and groups the individual may be apart of

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26
Q

 Needed for normal growth and development,
response to emotional and physical stressors, and
the ability to cope with change

A

Adaptation

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27
Q

Body interaction with ever constantly changing

environment; External and internal environments

A

Homeostasis

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28
Q

Internal environment must maintain consistency

and remain balanced

A

Homeostasis

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29
Q

physiologic mechanisms within the

body responding to the internal changes

A

Homeostasis

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30
Q

The major systems to maintain homeostasis

A

Autonomic Nervous System and Endocrine System

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31
Q

Autonomic Nervous System and Endocrine System have both a ______ + _______ response

A

Sympathetic + Parasympathetic

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32
Q

Reflex pain response, Inflammatory response

A

LAS-Local Adaptation Syndrome

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33
Q

Alarm reaction, Stage of resistance, Stage of exhaustion

A

GAS-General Adaptation Syndrome

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34
Q

Localized response to

pain

A

Local Adaptation Syndrome

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35
Q

Involves the specific
body part rather than the
whole body

A

Local Adaptation Syndrome

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36
Q

Central nervous
system response to
pain

A

Reflex Pain Response

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37
Q

Short-term adaptive
response to traumatic or
pathologic stress

A

Local Adaptation Response

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38
Q

Local response to

injury or infection

A

Inflammatory Response

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39
Q

General response to stress

A

General Adaptation Syndrome

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40
Q

Physical or emotional stressor causing the

physiologic response

A

General Adaptation Syndrome

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41
Q

Occurs as a result of physical or psychological

damage

A

General Adaptation Syndrome

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42
Q

Also known as “shock phase”

A

Alarm Reaction

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43
Q

End of ALarm reaction is known as…

A

Countershock phase

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44
Q

Alarm reaction has…

A

Specific stressors + various defense mechanisms

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45
Q

The Stage of Resistance

A

Adaption of the stressor, Vital signs, hormones, energy levels return to normal

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46
Q

GAS has 3 phases

A

Alarm reaction, stage of resistance, stage of exhaustion

47
Q

Stage of Exhaustion

A

Results as adaptive mechanisms can no longer provide a defense mechanism

48
Q

Feelings of love, sense of belonging, feeling safe,

and having self-esteem; Needed to maintain mental wellbeing

A

Psychological Homeostasis

49
Q

When needs of psychological homeostasis are not met…

A

coping mechanisms

promote return to emotional balance

50
Q

Without the proper resources…

A 
adaptation cannot
take place (leads to increased feelings of stress)
51
Q

Connection between physiologic stressors and the

physiologic stress response; how the body perceives stress.

A

Mind-Body Interaction

52
Q

Examples of mind-body interaction

A

Throwing up, frequently using bathroom, crying, choking feeling, heart palpations

53
Q

Mind-Body interaction is…

A

individualized (duration of stress, adaptation mechanisms, life changing events

54
Q

Alliterations in health status related to prolonged stress; Nausea, heart palpitations

A

Psychosomatic Disorders

55
Q

Most common response to stress

A

Anxiety

56
Q

Vague, uneasy feeling of dread or discomfort; Usually the source is unknown, which can make it more difficult to
treat

A

Anxiety

57
Q

A feeling of dread with a known threat

A

Fear

58
Q

Anxiety is apprehension related to…

A

Anticipation of Danger

59
Q

Anxiety can be used as…

A

a protective mechanism .

60
Q

Causes of anxiety?

A

Unexpected life events, fear of unknown, etc.

61
Q

______ anxiety may have a positive effect.

A

Mild

62
Q

Levels of anxiety?

A

Mild
Moderate
Severe
Panic

63
Q

Prolonged anxiety can lead to…

A

decreases in functional abilities (OCD, PTSD, ETC)

64
Q

Day-to-day life situations; Increases alertness, senses, and learning

A

Mild Anxiety

65
Q

Can be a motivator for learning and growth and

development

A

Mild Anxiety

66
Q

May interfere with sleep but can promote problem

solving

A

Mild Anxiety

67
Q

Clinical manifestations of Mild Anxiety

A

Restlessness, Increased questioning, Irritability.

68
Q

Narrowing of the individuals perceptual field; Focus and concern is on the immediate problem

A

Moderate Anxiety

69
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Moderate Anxiety

A 
Quavering voice
Tremors
^ muscle tension
Butterflies in stomach
Slight increase in HR, Pulse and Resp
Tension
Pounding heart
70
Q

Narrower perceptual field;  Focused on the specific details of the problem, but problem solving is not possible

A

Sever anxiety

71
Q

No longer a motivator or signal of danger

A

Severe Anxiety

72
Q

Characteristics of Severe Anxiety

A

 Impaired learning and easily distracted
 Extreme fear of dangers that are not real
 Emotional distress which interferes with daily living
 Avoidance of situations that cause anxiety

73
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Severe Anxiety

A

 Difficulty with verbal communication
 Increased motor activity
 Nausea/vomiting

74
Q

Physical Assessment for Stress

A 
 Cardiac arrhythmias
 Chest pain
 Headache
 Hyperventilation
 Diarrhea
 Tense muscles
 Skin lesions
 Disheveled appearance
 Postural changes
 Poor eye contact
 Restlessness
 Wringing of hands
 Expressionless
 Changes in vocal tone and
speech patterns
 Lack of facial expression
75
Q

Total loss of control; Unable to learn, focus is only on the situation

A

Panic

76
Q

Experiences feelings of dread and terror

A

Panic

77
Q

Characteristics of Panic

A
  • Increased physical activity
  • Distorted perception
  • Loss of rationale thinking
78
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Panic

A
  • Difficulty with verbal communication
  • Agitation and trembling
  • Poor motor control
  • Sensory changes
79
Q

Conscious behaviors used to combat stress and anxiety

A

Coping Mechanisms

80
Q

How are coping mechanisms learned?

A

within the family, past experiences, or sociocultural affiliations

81
Q

Coping mechanisms may be positive or negative

A 
Crying
Laughing
Sleeping
Swearing
Physical activity
Smoking or drinking
Withdrawal
82
Q

Attack behaviors

A

may be constructive or deconstructive; how to attack this problem? may lead to hostility.

83
Q

Unconscious reaction to the stressor

A

Defense Mechanism

84
Q

Defense mechanisms protect the individual’s…

A

self-esteem

85
Q

Withdrawal can be

A

positive or negative

86
Q

Defense mechanisms are used with

A

mild to moderate anxiety

87
Q

Defense mechanisms can

A

distort reality and create social problems (maladaptive rather than adaptive)

88
Q

I’m not good at school, so I’ll excel in sports.

A

Compensation Defense Mechanism maladaptive)

89
Q

Failing to realize a condition or a situation

A

Denial (maladaptive)

90
Q

Placing your traits and beliefs onto someone else. (we have to eat dinner before dessert)

A

Introjection Defense Mechanism

91
Q

Wrongly placing your feelings on another. (taking out emotions on another)

A

Displacement Defense Mechanism

92
Q

Blaming outcome of situation on a reason that is not actually at fault. (kid’s fault for divorce)

A

Projection Defense Mechanism

93
Q

Trying to make something unacceptable into something acceptable. (Everyone else is doing it)

A

Rationalization Defense Mechanism

94
Q

Making yourself like or do something that you do not like or do. (hate kids, so work with kids)

A

Reaction Formation Defense Mechanism

95
Q

Going back to earlier stage of development (dementia)

A

Regression Defense Mechanism

96
Q

Voluntarily not thinking about anxiety/stress

A

Repression Defense Mechanism

97
Q

Substituting a social unacceptable thought, trait, behavior for something that is acceptable.

A

Sublimation Defense Mechanism (always constructive)

98
Q

Denial of disturbing situation or experience (seeing blood in urine, ignoring it)

A

Suppression Defense Mechanism (only conscious defense)

99
Q

Trying to fix something we have said or done, taking something back.

A

Undoing Defense Mechanism

100
Q

Failed coping mechanisms may lead to

A

Crisis phase

101
Q

Trial and Error attempts may or may not work, which can lead to increased anxiety

A

Crisis Phase

102
Q

Anxiety becomes overwhelming; Leads to serious maladaptive personality degeneration.

A

Crisis Phase

103
Q

With the crisis continuing, the individual finds new ways

to cope, potentially leading to the resolution of the crisis. If not, _______ may occur.

A

Death.

Suicide, physical problems r/t panic

104
Q

Steps of Crisis Intervention

A
  • Identify Problem
  • List ways to problem solve
  • Choose btwn alternatives
  • Implement plan
  • Evaluate
105
Q

Crisis resolution is temporary, and lasts

A

4-6 weeks

106
Q

Resolution may cause a

A

decrease in functional ability

107
Q

Resolution depends on

A

the individual, the situation, and the environment

108
Q

In a crisis, nurses need to…

A

take an active role + intervene early.

109
Q

During a crisis, individuals are assumed to be

A

mentally healthy but in a

state of disequilibrium

110
Q

During a crisis, you must set

A

Realistic goals, focused on the present problem

111
Q

Stress Effects on an Ill Client

A

Attempts to maintain self-esteem, relationships,

and prepare for an uncertain future

112
Q

Stress Effects on an Ill Client illness-related)

A

-Loss of independence, adjustments to pain and symptom
control, new environments,
-Develop relationships with strangers
-Economic and family problems may arise

113
Q

Stress Effects on an Ill Client’s Family

A

-Changes in role, status, or structure
-Care giver role strain
-Isolation from loved one
-Loss of control on environment and routine
-Anger, helplessness, guilt
-Lack of knowledge regarding disease, treatment,
outlook
-Concern over financial stability

114
Q

Prolonged Effects of Stress

A
  • Disruptions in homeostasis
  • Failure of adaptive mechanisms
  • Increasing difficulty to return to normal functioning
  • Threat to mental health function

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