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Concepts > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of skin…

A 
Protection
• Temperature regulation
• Psychosocial wellbeing
• Sensation
• Production of vitamin D
• Immune support
• Absorption
• Elimination
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2
Q

First line of defense against microorganisms

A

Skin

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3
Q

Factors affecting skin resistance to injury

A

Age, amount of underlying tissue, and illness or injury.

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4
Q

Cells that have adequate nutrition and hydration are….

A

resistant to injury

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5
Q

Largest organ in the body

A

Skin

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6
Q

What is needed to maintain cellular life?

A

Adequate circulation

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7
Q

With aging, the structure of skin changes, placing

individuals at risk for…

A

infection or injury

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8
Q

Skin and mucosal membranes are easily injured and at risk for
infection

A

Infants

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9
Q

Skin is thinner and weaker than adult skin

A

Children younger than 2

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10
Q

skin increases in resistance to injury and infection

A

Children

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11
Q

Thin skin due to prolonged maturation of skin cells, decrease
skin elasticity

A

Older Adult

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12
Q

Very thin or obese patients have an

A

increased risk for

skin injury and irritation

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13
Q

Fluid loss during an illness may result in

A

Dehydration

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14
Q

Skin may be loose or flabby…

A

Dehydration

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15
Q

Fluid loss during an illness may result in

A

skin breakdown

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16
Q

Disease of the skin may cause lesions or breakdown

A

Eczema, psoriasis, HIV

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17
Q

Inappropriate and potentially harmful response of the

immune system to an allergen

A

Allergic Reaction

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18
Q

Inflammatory response that is protective in nature, Helps to eliminate invading pathogens, Allows for tissue repair

A

Immune Response

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19
Q

An injury, usually involving division of tissue or rupture of the integument or mucous membrane, due to external violence or some mechanical agency rather than disease

A

Intentional wound

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20
Q

Accidental. Occur from unexpected trauma such as from accidents, forcible injury. Contamination, unsterile environment, jagged edged, multiple trauma, and bleeding uncontrolled.

A

Unintentional Wound

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21
Q

Intentional wounds heal by…

A

Primary Intention

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22
Q

Unintentional wounds heal by…

A

Secondary intention

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23
Q

Any wound that is breaking through the skin

A

Open Wound

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24
Q

Open wounds are ________ + ________ .

A

Primary + Secondary

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25
Q

Ecchymosis, hematomas, wound from force, strain or trauma to the body.

A

Closed wound

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26
Q

Wound caused by surgery incision; planned, tissue aligned.

A

incisional

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27
Q

damage to underlying tissue

A

contusion

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28
Q

Scrape

A

Abrasion

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29
Q

Slice, cut.

tissue is not aligned.

A

laceration

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30
Q

Blood drawn, stepping on nail.

A

Puncture

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31
Q

Object has risk of staying in body; glass window breaks, penetrates arm.

A

Penetrating.

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32
Q

Tearing of the tissue

A

Avulsion

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33
Q

Can lead to necrosis of tissue

A

Chemical/thermal/irradiation

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34
Q

ulcer within vein due to injury to structure of vein wall

A

venous ulcer

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35
Q

Caused by lack of blood flow and unawareness of injury

A

diabetic ulcer

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36
Q

A systemic response occurs within the body when

A

exposed to trauma

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37
Q

Wound healing is impacted by

A

extent of healing + overall health status

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38
Q

Corticosteroids __________ healing.

A

slow down

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39
Q

Stoppage of blood flow

A

Hemostasis

40
Q

Get rid of debris

A

Inflammatory

41
Q

Growth of new tissue

A

Proliferation

42
Q

Remodeling and support of new tissue

A

Maturation

43
Q

4 phases of wound healing

A

1) Hemostasis
2) Inflammatory
3) Proliferation
4) Maturation

44
Q

Occurs immediately after the initial injury has

occurred

A

Hemostasis

45
Q

Blood vessels constrict and blood clotting begins

A

Hemostasis

46
Q

Exudate is formed

A

Hemostasis

47
Q

Increased perfusion to the area causes warmth and

erythema

A

Hemostasis

48
Q

Platelets stimulate other cells to migrate to the area

of injury to further help in the healing process

A

Hemostasis

49
Q

Follows hemostasis, lasts approximately 4-6 days

A

Inflammatory

50
Q

WBC move into wound

A

Inflammatory

51
Q

Macrophages enter the wound and remain for an

extended period of time

A

Inflammatory

52
Q

Macrophages ingest the debris within the wound

and release growth factors

A

Inflammatory

53
Q

Growth factors attract fibroblasts to fill in the wound and decrease the dead space

A

Inflammatory

54
Q

Generalized body response; Increased temperature, leukocytosis, malaise

A

Inflammatory

55
Q

Known as fibroblastic, regenerative, or connective tissue phase

A

PROLIFERATION

56
Q

Beings roughly 2 to 3 days after the injury and may last 2-3 weeks

A

PROLIFERATION

57
Q

New tissue is built to fill in the wound space, through the action of fibroblasts

A

PROLIFERATION

58
Q

Capillaries grow across the wound

A

PROLIFERATION

59
Q

Thin layer of epithelial cells from across the surface of the wound; Basement membrane

A

PROLIFERATION

60
Q

• Blood flow occurs across the wound, providing oxygen

and nutrition to the newly developing tissues

A

PROLIFERATION

61
Q

Granulation tissue forms the foundation of scar tissue

development

A

PROLIFERATION

62
Q

Final stage of healing; Remodeling phase

A

MATURATION

63
Q

Beings 3 weeks to 6 months after the initial injury

A

MATURATION

64
Q

Collagen fibers within the wound are remodeled; The healed wound becomes stronger and begins to resemble surrounding tissue

A

MATURATION

65
Q

New collagen tissue continues to be deposited into the wound

A

MATURATION

66
Q

Scar develops

A

MATURATION

67
Q

Thin, flat, white line that does not tan, sweat, or grow hair

A

Scar

68
Q

4 Classifications of Wound Drainage

A
  • Serous
  • Sanguineous
  • Serosangiuneous
  • Purulent
69
Q

Clear, watery fluid

A

Serous

70
Q

blood drainage

A

Sanguineous

71
Q

pink drainage

A

Serosangiuneous

72
Q

pus drainage

A

Purulent

73
Q 
Occur directly at the
wound
• Pressure
• Desiccation
• Maceration
• Trauma
• Edema
• Infection
• Excessive bleeding
• Necrosis
• Biofilm
A

Local factors

74
Q
  • Age
  • Circulation
  • Oxygenation
  • Nutritional status
  • Wound condition
  • Medications
  • Overall health status
  • Immunosuppression
A

Systemic Factors

75
Q

Dehydration of wound

A

dessication

76
Q

too much moisture in the wound

A

maceration

77
Q

Complications of wound healing (5)

A
  • Infection
  • Hemorrhage
  • Dehiscence
  • Evisceration
  • Fistula formation
78
Q

Clump of microorganisms that form a protective sheet over wound

A

biofilm

79
Q

Physiological effects of wounds (4)

A
  • Pain
  • Anxiety
  • Fear
  • Changes in body image
80
Q

Wound Assessment

A

ISPS

1) Inspection
2) Smell
3) Palpation
4) Suture (drains, tubes)

81
Q

Inspection…

A

Appearance of wound + dressing, Size of wound, signs of infection.

82
Q

Smell…

A

any foul odor?

83
Q

Palpation…

A

Drainage, Pain, Temperature, Moisture

84
Q

Sutures, Drains, Tubes…

A

Any complications with any of these?

85
Q

4 Types of Wound Drains

A
  • Penrose
  • Jackson-Pratt
  • Hemovac
  • Woundvac
86
Q

How many stages of pressure ulcers are there?

A

4, and then unstageable.

87
Q

Non-blanchable erythema

A

Stage I Pressure Ulcer

88
Q

Partial-thickness skin loss with exposed dermis

A

Stage II Pressure Ulcer

89
Q

Bone/tendon is not visible or directly palpable

A

Stage III Pressure Ulcer

90
Q

Full thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon or muscle. Slough or eschar may be present on some parts of the wound bed.

A

Stage Stage IV Pressure Ulcer

91
Q

Constricts peripheral blood vessels, reduces muscle spasms,

and promotes comfort

A

Cold

92
Q

Factors impacting hot and cold therapy

A

Method/duration
Degree of heat/cold applied
Clients age/condition
Amount of body surface being covered by application

93
Q

Effects of heat application

A
  • Dilation of blood vessels
  • Reduced blood viscosity
  • Increased capillary permeability
  • Reduced muscle tension + pain
  • Increased cardiac output, sweating, heart rate
  • Decreased blood pressure
94
Q

Methods of Heat Therapy

A
  • Hot water bags or bottles
  • Electric heating pads
  • Aquathermia pads
  • Hot packs
  • Moist heat
  • Sitz bath
  • Warm soaks
95
Q

Effects of Cold Therapy

A 
• Peripheral vessel
constriction
• Reduces muscle spasms
• Promotes comfort
• Reduces blood flow
• Reduces pain
• Reduces edema and
inflammation
• Decreased metabolic
demands and capillary
permeability control
bleeding
• Prolong therapy may
increase blood pressure or
cause shivering
96
Q

Methods of Cold Therapy

A
  • Ice bags
  • Cold packs
  • Moist cold
  • Cold compresses

Concepts (15 decks)

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