Pain Flashcards
Type of neuropathic pain, in response to a non-painful stimuli (Ex. brain freeze)
Allodynia Pain
Pain that is not responding to treatment; cannot take it away.
Intractable Pain
Pain receptors are gone, but pain is still there. (Ex. Amputation)
Phantom Pain
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic pain; changes within the body,
Physiologic Response to Pain
Pain response related to our behaviors (Ex. Grimaces)
Behavioral Response to Pain
Pain response related to our emotions
Affective Response to Pain
MAKE SURE YOU REVIEW BANDAGING, CHELSI!
SERIOUSLY, DO IT.
Factors affecting Pain Reception?
Cultural and ethical variables Family, gender, and age Religious beliefs Environment and support Anxiety and stress Past pain experience
Parasympathetic pain is….
severe to deep (nausea, vomiting, pass out)
Sympathetic pain is…
Superficial, moderate.
With parasympathetic, almost everything is decreasing, but the _______ is increasing.
Breathing
Behavioral responses are…
Voluntary
Exaggerated crying, withdrawal from activities, internalizing pain, anxiety, depression, fear.
Affective Response to Pain
If person verbalizes that they are in pain, we have them…
Rank their pain from 1-10
Duration of pain
How long does the pain last?
Location of pain
Where the pain is. May be hard for person to pinpoint location.
Quantity of pain
Pain level 1-10
Quality of pain
Is is sharp? Is it stabbing? Description of pain
Chronology of Pain
When did it start? What is it related to? How has it progressed?
Aggravating factors
What makes the pain worse? Stimuli.
Alleviating factors
What makes the pain better? What gives relief?
Physiologic indicators of pain
Sympathetic + parasympathetic response
PQRST
Provokes Quality Radiate (location) Severity Timing
Morphine, hydrocodone, delatid, controlled substances
Opioids
Opioids can reduce…
heart rate and respiratory rate
Tylenol, ibuprofen, motrin, advil, over the counter.
Nonopioids
Medications that don’t treat pain directly, but treat source of pain.
Adjuvant Medications.
Steroids, Antidepressants, Anticonvulsants
Adjuvant Medications
When we stop medication, we go through withdrawal.
Physical dependence.
We need more medication to get the same affect.
Tolerance
Compulsive abuse of medication.
Addiction
Distraction, humor, music therapy, guided imagery, hypnosis, acupuncture, relaxation, therapeutic touch.
Alternative methods to pain
Learning your individual triggers to pain, pain precursors.
Biofeedback
Electrical nerve stimulation
Cutaneous stimulation
4 Processes of Pain
1) transduction
2) transmission
3) perception
4) modulation
the activation of pain receptors
Transduction
the ability to feel painful stimuli
Nociceptors
convey diffuse, visceral pain that is often described as burning and aching.
C-Fibers
transmit acute, well localized pain
A-Delta Fibers
peripheral nerve fibers that transmit pain from somatic and visceral sites (pain receptors)
Nocioreceptors
the amount of stimuli we need in order to have a response
Pain Threshhold
conduction of pain sensations from the area of injury to the spinal cord and higher centers within the brain
Transmission
the process by which the sensation of pain is inhibited or modified. (way that we can deal/manage the pain within the body)
Modulation
endogenous opioid compounds (they are naturally present in the body)
Neuromodulators
pharmaceutical agent used to relieve pain
Analgesic
An opioid neuromodulator produced at neural synapses at various points along the CNS. Prolonged analgesic effects.
Endorphins
most potent analgesic effect
Dynorphin
A way that our body can block off severe pain. Large diameter nerves block the transmission of small nerve fibers impulses to the brain to block the pain.
Gate Control Theory
sharp pain, preventative in nature because it warns person of tissue damage. After underlying cause is resolved and healing occurs acute pain should disappear.
Acute pain
long term pain, no specific time period, lasts beyond normal healing period. May be hard to identify and treat. Can lead to mood changes, irritability and depression.
Chronic Pain
when the disease is present but the person does not experience symptoms
Remission
Symptoms of disease reappear
Exacerbation
termed with cancer or other progressive disorders, pain that progresses with issues
Chronic Malignant Pain
pain associated with the injury that is non progressive or is completely healed
Chronic Nonmalignant Pain
something that is created in the mind. It’s subjective pain–there are no physical signs that the person is/is not in pain.
Psychogenic Pain
pain of the skin/subcutaneous tissue. Ex. paper cut that produces sharp pain with burning sensation.
Cutaneous (superficial) Pain
Is diffuse or scattered and originates in tendons, ligaments, bones blood vessels and nerves. Ex, strong pressure on a bone or damage to tissue that occurs with a sprain causes deep somatic pain.
Somatic Pain
Poorly localized and originates in the body organs in the thorax, cranium and abdomen. This pain occurs as organs stretch abnormally and become distended. Ex. Appendicitis.
Visceral Pain
Pain can originate in one part of the body but be perceived in an area distant from it’s point of origin.
Referred Pain
Dealing with the nerve innervation, it can be hard to treat because we may not be able to pin point the exact cause of the pain. Example heart attack-person feels pain in their left arm but is really experiencing a heart attack.
Referred Pain
refers to the normal process that results in noxious stimuli being perceived as painful.
Nociceptive Pain
a characteristic feature of neuropathic pain, is pain that occurs after a weak or non-painful stimuli, such as a light touch or a cold drink, which normally should not cause pain.
Allodynia Pain
