stress and coping

Question 1

emotion

moods

Answer 1

• psycophysiological state of limited duration associated with a specific feeling and facial/body expression
  1. Primary emotions involve cognitive appraisal and distinctive physiological patterns and distinctive feelings
  2. usually directed at someone
• diffuse, global, subjective feeling states of longer duration, not directed toward something specific

Question 2

shame

Answer 2

• a self-conscious emotion due to stable, internal, uncontrollable attributions
• arises from negative evaluation of self
• linked to fear of social rejection
• associated with health/behavior risk
• not adaptive

Question 3

guilt

Answer 3

• self-conscious emotion due to unstable, internal, global attributions
• arises from negative evaluation of a behavior
• associated with reparative behavior

Question 4

pride

Answer 4

hubristic pride: pride in global self and stable, internal attributions
-tied to arrogance and being better than others, sometimes associated with negative social behavior
authentic pride: pride due to success through effort and internal, unstable, controllable attributions
-more likely associated with positive behavior

Question 5

stressors

Answer 5

events, forces, or situations with potential stressful interpretation
-depends on appraisal process

Question 6

sources of stress

Answer 6

1. psychological concerns (expectations, failure, plateau)
2. physical concerns (injury, conditioning)
3. social concerns (social status)
4. environmental concerns (weather)
5. career/life direction concerns (completing life goals)

Question 7

Cognitive Motivational Relational Theory

Answer 7

• stress is a product of the dynamic and transactional relationship between person and environment
• stress is mediated by appraisal and coping
  1. cognitive appraisal: primary (what is at stake) and secondary (what can be done). appraisal of harm/loss, threat, and challenge (the benefits of succeeding)
  2. coping-cognitive and behavioral efforts used to manage taxing demands

Question 8

macro-analysis

micro-analysis

Answer 8

• the goal/function of coping strategies-problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and avoidance coping
• specific coping strategies-venting, confronting, wishful thinking, problem-solving, denial, humour, self-blame, planning

Question 9

stress response

Answer 9

physiological, cognitive, affective and behavioral reactions to stress (fight or flight response)

Question 10

goodness-of-fit model

Answer 10

coping effectiveness depends on
1. fit between reality and appraisal
2. fit between appraisal and coping-actual effort to control stress vs. perceived controllability
good news coping=organized, flexible, and constructive

Question 11

coping predictors-gender

Answer 11

1. gender-females more likely to use help seeking and emotion focused coping
   - role-constraint theory says differences result from different roles men and women play in society
   - gender socialization hypothesis says men and women learn different coping strategies

Question 12

coping predictors

Answer 12

1. gender
2. culture (praying)
3. appraisal
4. individual factors
   - trait anxiety leads to disengaged forms of coping
   - anger leads to less emotion focused strategies
   - optimism leads to more problem focused strategies
5. personal resources (psychological skills)