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Psychology Exam > Stress > Flashcards

Stress Flashcards

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1
Q

what is stress

A

state that results from demands that are placed on the individual that require coping.

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2
Q

who defined stress as a state that results from demands that are places on the individual which require that person to engage in coping behaviour

A

Jones & Hardy, 1990

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3
Q

What are stressors

A

demanding events, situations. The environmental demands

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4
Q

who defined stressors

A

Fletcher, 2006

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5
Q

stressors can be..

A

acute or chronic

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6
Q

who suggested 4 categories of stressors?

A

Pacak & Palkovits , 2001

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7
Q

what are the four stressor categories

A

Physical stressors
psychological stressors
social stressors
CV and metabolic homeostasis stressors

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8
Q

Stressors in a competitive environment

A

performance

organisational

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9
Q

who suggested performance & organisational stressors

A

Mellaliea 2009

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10
Q

what is under performance stresses

A 
prep 
injury 
expectations 
self- presentation 
Rivalry

PIERS

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11
Q

what is under organisational stressors

A

factors intrinsic to sport
roles in sport organisation
- sport relationships/ interpersonal demands
-athletic career/performance development issues
- organisational structure & climate of sport

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12
Q

stress causes a disruption of homeostasis (who suggested)

A

Cannon, 1929

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13
Q

physiological responses to acute stressors allow for enhanced physical & mental demands to …

A

meet environmental demand

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14
Q

who suggested that physiological responses to acute stressors allow for enhanced physical & mental demands to meet environmental demands

A

Sapolsky, 1996

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15
Q

in response to acute stressor what system is activated to ensure resources are rapidly mobilised for action

A

physiological system

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16
Q

who suggested that in response to acute stressor physiological system is activated to ensure resources are rapidly mobilised for action

A

Pacak & Palkovits 2001

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17
Q

during rest and recovery what is reduced?

A

physiological system

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18
Q

ANS is made up off

A

PNS (PSNS) and SNS

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19
Q

SNS stimulates

A

bodily processes

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20
Q

PNS inhibits

A

bodily processes

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21
Q

inappropriate repossess have negative effects that can…

A

impair growth and development, along with metabolic and psychiatric disorders

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22
Q

who suggested that • Inappropriate response= negative effects= impaired growth & development, metabolic & psychiatric disorders

A

Charmandari, 2005

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23
Q

psychosocial stressors.. examples

A

personality, history of stressors and life event stressors

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24
Q

psychosocial stressors can influence

A

injury occurrence

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25
Q

who suggested that psychosocial stressors can influence injury occurrence

A

Nippert & Smith, 2008

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26
Q

failure to cope with acute stress has been seen to have detrimental effects on …

A

psychological processes (concentration, arousal, attentional focus)

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27
Q

who suggested that failure to cope with acute stress has been seen to have detrimental effects on psychological processes (concentration, arousal, attentional focus)

A

Jones & Hardy, 1989

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28
Q

who made the Transactional model of stress & coping

A

(Lazarus & Folkman, 1987)

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29
Q

TMSC suggested that stress is a product of

A

transactions and a complex environment

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30
Q

what is transaction

A

cognitive, physiological, affective, psych & neurological

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31
Q

what is primary appraisals

A

what is the motivational relevance, will it effect welfare

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32
Q

what is secondary appraisals

A

assessment of coping resources

33
Q

anticipated loss will result in ….

A

threat state

34
Q

anticipated (potential) gain

A

challenge state

35
Q

BPSM stands for

A

Biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat

36
Q

who created the BPSM

A

Blascovich & Tomaka, 1996

37
Q

what does the BPSM emphasise

A

person- environment transactions

38
Q

BPSM evaluates what?

A

Demand and resource

39
Q

according to BPSM determinants of challenge and threat include:

A 
effort 
danger 
uncertainty 
skills 
knowledge 
abilities
-dispositional characteristics 
- external support
40
Q 
who suggested that BPSM determinants of challenge and threat include: 
effort 
danger 
uncertainty 
skills 
knowledge 
abilities
-dispositional characteristics 
- external support
A

Blascovich, 2008

41
Q

in a threat state what happens with SAM and HPA

A

both activated

42
Q

in a challenge state what happens with SAM and HPA

A

SAM activation only

43
Q

what does HPA do to SAM

A

dampens SAM response

44
Q

what does SAM stand for

A

(sympathetic-adrenomedullary)pathway

45
Q

what happens in threat state to TPR & CO

A

High TPR

low CO

46
Q

what happens in challenge state to TPR & CO

A

low TPR

high CO

47
Q

what does HPA stand for

A

Hypothalamic Pituitary-Adrenal

48
Q

who designed the cognitive appraisal ratio

A

Tomaka, 1993

49
Q

what likert scale is the CAR

A

6 point

50
Q

what equation is needed in CAR

A

resources - demand

51
Q

+ CAR range is a .. state

A

challenge

52
Q
  • CAR range is a …. state
A

threat

53
Q

why did the BPSM extend the transactional theory

A

accounted for physiological responses to stress

54
Q

what does SAM do?

A

releases catecholamine

55
Q

what catecholamines does SAM release

A

Adrenaline

noradrenaline

56
Q

release of adrenaline & Noradrenaline causes

A

increased HR, BP, CO and BG levels in response to stressor

57
Q

threat seems activation of .. (Said?)

A

HPA (Dienstbier, 1989)

58
Q

challenge has been linked to …. attentional control

A

more effective

59
Q

who said challenge has been linked to more effective attentional control

A

Vine, 2013

60
Q

threat has been linked to… attentional control

A

less effective

61
Q

who said threat has been linked to less effective attentional control

A

Vine, 2013

62
Q

what did Moore et al 2012 do?

A

effect of challange and threat of golf putting

63
Q

what did Moore et al 2012 see in the challenge group?

A

more accurate, favourable emotions and displayed a more effective gaze, putting kinematics & muscle activity

64
Q

what does IFSAVP stand for?

A

An Integrative Framework of Stress, Attention, and Visuomotor Performance.

65
Q

who created IFSAVP

A

Vine et al 2016

66
Q

what did the IFSAVP suggest

A

that threat can lead to better performance (Stimulance driven)

67
Q

(IFSAVP) when a threat state= poor performance what is it evaluated as next time

A

constantly re-evaluate stressful situation as stressful (threat)

68
Q

TCTSA?

A

Theory of challenge/ threat state in athletics

69
Q

who created TCTSA

A

(Jones, 2009)

70
Q

what is the TCTSA suggestion

A

individuals engage in demand-resource evaluations in goal-relevant situations

71
Q

TCTSA suggested that…. are determinants of challenge & threat

A

self-efficacy
perceptions of control

achievement goals

72
Q

what theory suggests that self-efficacy,perceptions of control &achievement goals are determinants off challenge and threat states

A

TCTSA (Jones, 2009)

73
Q

what is a challenge state in TCTSA

A

sufficient skills to cope, sufficient control to display skill and focus on approach goals

74
Q

challenge is typically associated with emotions of..

A

+ valance (excitement)

75
Q

threat is typically associated with emotions of ..

A
  • emotions (anxiety)
76
Q

emotions in challenge are perceived as …

A

helpful to performance

77
Q

emotions in threat are perceived as

A

unhelpful to performance

78
Q

Meijen 2012 found that threat .. predicted avoidance goals

A

+ predicted

79
Q

threat … predicted by self-efficacy and approach goals (Meijen, 2012)

A
  • predicted

Psychology Exam (5 decks)

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