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Psychology Exam > Social Support > Flashcards

Social Support Flashcards

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1
Q

what is social support?

who said

A

Exchange of resources between at least two individuals, intended to enhance the well being of the recipient (Shumaker, 1984)

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2
Q

what is the main research area when SS is seen

A

health and wellbeing

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3
Q

SS is …., compromising of structural and functioning components (WHO)

A

Cohen, 2000

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4
Q

Structural component comprises of

A

type and number of relationships engaged in, and whether one is within a social group

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5
Q

Functional component (what is it divided into)

A

interpersonal relationships (perceived and received)

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6
Q

Perceived (WHO)

A

belief that assistance would be available if required (Gottlieb, 2010)

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7
Q

Received (WHO)

A

frequency of received support resources during a specific time Frame (Gottlieb, 2010)

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8
Q

Perceived and received have….

A

unique effects and psychological outcomes

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9
Q

how many dimensions of SS are there, who suggested these

A

4 dimensions

Cutrona, 1990)

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10
Q

what is emotional support

A

ability to turn to others for comfort and security

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11
Q

what is esteem support

A

building up individuals and bolsering self esteem

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12
Q

what is informational support

A

providing advice or guidance concerning a possible situation

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13
Q

what is tangible supper

A

concrete instrumental assistance in a stressful situations

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14
Q

Who identified SS is derived from key interpersonal relationship identifying it as a important resource

A

Sheridan, 2014

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15
Q

what did Sheridan, 2014 suggest

A

identified SS is derived from key interpersonal relationship identifying it as a important resource

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16
Q

The quality & type of SS an athlete perceives & receives is linked to recovery from injury, youth sport participation, burnout, SC and performance was suggested by?

A

Bianco, 2001

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17
Q

the quality and type of SS perceived and received is linked to.. (Bianco, 2001)

A 
recovery (injury)
youth sport participation 
burnout 
self- confidence 
performance
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18
Q

youth athletes particularly need what type

A

tangible

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19
Q

SS has been seen to be helpful dealing with

A

competitive stress
slumps in performance
burn out
injury

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20
Q

who suggested SS could be helpful when dealing with competitive stress

A

Crocker, 1992

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21
Q

who suggested SS could be helpful when dealing with slumps in performance

A

Madden, 1989

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22
Q

who suggested SS could be helpful when dealing with burn-out

A

Gould, 1996

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23
Q

who suggested SS could be helpful when dealing with injury

A

bianco, 2001

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24
Q

who suggested Supportive relationships might help individuals develop a + identity & self-esteem, regulate affect or provide coping assistance

A

Heller, 2001

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25
Q

SS may influence outcomes through…

Lakey, 2000

A

cognitive behaviour
emotional
physiological pathways

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26
Q

effects on performance outcomes have been suggested to be mediated by (Rees, 2007)

A

self confidence/efficacy

performance processes such as increase positive effect & flow

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27
Q

who suggested that SC, SE and performance processes mediate the effects of SS on performance

A

Rees, 2007

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28
Q

Lakey et al, 2000 suggested how many key theoretical perspectives

A

three

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29
Q

what were the three key theoretical perspectives

A

1) The stress & coping perspective
2) The social constructionist perspective
3) The relationship perspective

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30
Q

models are believed to have a better understanding compared to theoretical perspectives

A

true

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31
Q

what are the two main models; who said?

A

The main effect model

the buffering model

Cohen, 2000

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32
Q

the main effect model suggests that..

Cohen, 1985

A

SS has a beneficial relationship with psych responses irrespective of levels of stressors

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33
Q

who created the main effect model

A

Cohen, 1985

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34
Q

what model suggests; SS has a beneficial relationship with psych responses irrespective of levels of stressors

A

Main effect model

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35
Q

The MEM suggested that …. of ones relationships as being supportive is enough to lead to favourable outcomes

A

perceptions

36
Q

the buffering effect model primarily ties to..

A

models of stress process, appraisals and coping

37
Q

who suggested that the buffering model is primarily tied to models of stress process, appraisals and coping

A

lazarus, 1966

38
Q

the buffering effect model suggest that SS may help to:”

A
  • redefine the threat posed by the stressor
  • alter an individuals perceptions of available resources
  • lead to individual feeling more in control (appraised as less stressful)
  • periods of stress= SS buffer effect
  • TCTSA/BPSM tied in
  • SS redefines stress (Challenge)
39
Q
  • redefine the threat posed by the stressor
  • alter an individuals perceptions of available resources
  • lead to individual feeling more in control (appraised as less stressful)
  • periods of stress= SS buffer effect
  • TCTSA/BPSM tied in
  • SS redefines stress (Challenge)

Is suggested within which model

A

The buffering effect model

40
Q

Within the Buffer model when stress is experience what is SS suggested to do

A
  • reduce/alter affective reaction to event
  • decrease perceived importance of the problem (improve coping)
  • provide a distraction
41
Q

in the buffer model when it suggests that SS can decrease perceived importance of the problem (improve coping) what stress theory could this be linked too? and whos theory is it?

A

Transactional model of stress & coping (Lazarus & Folkman, 1987)

Primary and secondary appraisals

42
Q

who suggested that once stress is experienced SS would -reduce/alter affective reaction to event

  • decrease perceived importance of the problem (improve coping)
  • provide a distraction
A

Cohen, 2000

43
Q

A buffering effect would be demonstrated if the interaction term of stressor & perceived support is significantly associated with….

A

psychological responses

44
Q

perceived support is primarily linked with which model?

A

Main effect model

45
Q

who suggested that perceived support is primarily linked with the main effect model

A

Bianco, 2001

46
Q

Received support is primarily linked with which model

A

The buffering effect model

47
Q

who suggested that Received support is primarily linked with the buffering effect model

A

Bianco, 2001

48
Q

who suggested that high perceived support = resources to cope = evaluate less stressful= more favourable outcome

A

Bianco, 2001

49
Q

high perceived support leads too..,

A

resources to cope= evaluate less stressful= favourable outcome

50
Q

once a stress is experienced what type of SS is needed

A

Received

51
Q

perceived & Received support could exert…

A

main and stress-buffering effects

52
Q

who suggested that perceived & Received ss could exert main and stress- buffeing effects

A

Cohen, 2000

53
Q

what SS when stressed is seen to have a link with appraisals and evaluation

A

Perceived

54
Q

which support is more consistently related to outcome variable than the other

A

perceived more linked than received

55
Q

who suggested that perceived is more constantly linked to outcome variables than received

A

Cohen, 1983

56
Q

received support has been linked to:

A

Golf performances

  • Adolescents beliefs about school sport
  • self talk
57
Q

who suggested that received support has been linked to golf performances

A

Freeman, 2008

58
Q

who suggested that received support has been linked to adolescents beliefs about school sport

A

Lubans, 2011

59
Q

who suggested that received support has been linked to athletes self-talk

A

Zourbano, 2011

60
Q

received support has been linked to favourable outcomes such as..

A

self-confidence

61
Q

who suggested that received support has been linked to favourable outcomes such as self-confidence

A

Rees, 2007

62
Q

Freeman, 2014 suggested that frequent encouragement (no matter of stressors) boost..

A

control
mastery
self-esteem
self confidence

63
Q

who suggested that frequent encouragement and + reinforcement (no matter stressors) boosts control, mastery, self-esteem, self confidence having a positive effect

A

Freeman, 2014

64
Q

effectiveness of support may depend on:

A

needs of recipient
types and dimensions of support
level of knowledge/expertise off provider
quality of relation ship

65
Q

needs of recipient
types and dimensions of support
-level of knowledge/expertise off provider
quality of relationship

are suggested to effect.. according to who

A

effect effectiveness (Bianco, 2001)

66
Q

who suggested SS might not always be beneficial

A

Rienhardt, 2006

67
Q

how can you develop SS

A 
team meals 
trust between coach and athlete 
learning in asking enviroment 
open door policy 
buddy systems 
small group discussions 
feedback 
approachable, judgement free atmosphere
68
Q

SS plays an important role in the way athletes cope with…

A

rehab from injury

69
Q

who suggested that SS has an important role when coping with injury rehab

A

Bianco, 2001

70
Q

SS can ehance the well being of injured athletes by

A
  • reducing distress
  • preventing perceptions of isolation and reinjury fear
  • increasing motivation
  • adherence to rehab
  • self confidence
71
Q

who suggested SS can ehcance the well being of injured athletes by reducing distress

A

Bianco, 1999

72
Q

SS can ehance the well being of injured athletes by preventing perceptions of isolation and re-injury fear

A

Podlog, 2004

73
Q

SS can ehance the well being of injured athletes by rehab adherence

A

DUda, 1989

74
Q

SS can ehance the well being of injured athletes by increasing self-confidence

A

Duda, 2000

75
Q

SS can ehance the well being of injured athletes by increasing motivation

A

Bianco, 2002

76
Q

what did Freeman & Rees 2008 examine

A

main and stress-buffering effects of perceived and recieved support upon golf outcomes

77
Q

what did Freeman & Rees 2008 golf performance study show

A

beneficial effects of perceived and received support on performance; support for effects of main and buffer models

78
Q

what did fletcher and Sarkar, 2012 look at?

A

resilience in olympic athletes

79
Q

what was seen from olympic athlete regarding SS

A

athletes perceived that high quality SS was available

80
Q

What did Fletcher and Sarkar, 2012 find?

A

the stress-buffering effects of perceived SS suggested as important for resilience in sport

81
Q

who also suggested that the stress-buffering effects of perceived SS suggested as important for resilience in sport

A

Rees, 2010

82
Q

perceived challenge over threat state can cause what physiological change

A

lower HR & TPR

83
Q

BPSM suggest that challenge state causes what physiological changes

A

Q & TPR lowered

84
Q

stress can cause what diseases

A

CV disease

85
Q

stress can decrease ….. possibly leading to less training time

A

decrease immune system = more illnesses = possible more trains missed

86
Q

what endocrine changes are seen with stress?

A

Cortisol release

Psychology Exam (5 decks)

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