Stress

Question 1

Acute stress

Answer 1

a form of stress characterised by intense psychological and physiological symptoms that are brief in duration

Question 2

Alarm reaction

Answer 2

the first stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome which involves the body?s initial decline and then rise in arousal to a stressor p. 109

Question 3

Appraisal

Answer 3

an assessment or evaluation p. 115

Question 4

Approach strategies

Answer 4

coping strategies which confront the source of the stressor p. 123

Question 5

Avoidance strategies

Answer 5

coping strategies that evade the stressor, seeking to reduce stress by indirectly dealing with it p. 123

Question 6

Benign-positive

Answer 6

an initial appraisal of a stimulus as neutral or good, and not causing stress for the individual p. 115

Question 7

Biological stress response

Answer 7

the activation of autonomic nervous system responses in the face of a stressor p. 431

Question 8

Challenge

Answer 8

a further appraisal of a stressor as potentially providing a good opportunity for growth or change for the individual p. 115

Question 9

Chronic stress

Answer 9

form of stress that endures for several months or longer

Question 10

Context-specific effectiveness

Answer 10

when the coping strategy or mechanism used is appropriate for the demands of the stressor p. 121

Question 11

Coping

Answer 11

the process of dealing with stress p. 115, 121

Question 12

Coping flexibility

Answer 12

an individual?s ability to adjust or change their coping strategies depending on the unique and changing demands of a stressor p. 122

Question 13

Coritsol

Answer 13

a hormone released into the body in times of stress p. 109

Question 14

Counter shock

Answer 14

the second substage of the alarm reaction stage in which sympathetic nervous system responses occur that mobilise the body to respond to the stressor

Question 15

Enteric nervous system

Answer 15

the network of nerves in the gut and is a subdivision of the autonomic nervous system

Question 16

Exercise

Answer 16

the performance of physical activity to improve a person?s health and wellbeing p. 122, 440

Question 17

Exhaustion

Answer 17

the final stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome which involves the body?s defences and energy levels depleting, leading to a greatly reduced ability to cope with current and future stressors p. 109

Question 18

External stressor

Answer 18

a stimulus from outside of a person?s body that prompts the stress response

Question 19

Fight-flight-freeze response

Answer 19

the involuntary physical response to a sudden and immediate threat (or stressor) in readiness to: fight, flee or freeze.

The Sympathetic nervous system is dominant during fight-flight.

The Parasympathetic nervous system is dominant during freeze.

Question 20

General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 20

a model that examines the biological stages of stress involved in responding to a persistent stressor p. 109

Question 21

Gut (also known as the gastrointestinal tract)

Answer 21

the long flexible tube from mouth to anus that is the passageway involved in digestion

Question 22

Gut microbiome

Answer 22

all of the genes of the microorganisms that live in the gut

Question 23

Gut microbiota

Answer 23

all of the microorganisms that live in the gut

Question 24

Gut-brain axis

Answer 24

the bidirectional connection between the gut and the brain through the enteric and central nervous systems

Question 25

Harm loss

Answer 25

a further appraisal of a stressor as having caused some damage for the individual p. 115

Question 26

Internal stressor

Answer 26

a stimulus from within a person?s body that prompts the stress response

Question 27

Irrelevant

Answer 27

an initial appraisal of a stimulus as a non-issue for the individual p. 115

Question 28

Primary appraisal

Answer 28

the initial process of evaluating the nature of an incoming stressor, specifically the kind of stress it will cause p. 115

Question 29

Resistance

Answer 29

the second stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome which involves the body sustaining high levels of arousal to a persistent stressor p. 109

Question 30

Secondary appraisal

Answer 30

the process of evaluating the resources available and required in order to cope with a stressor p. 115

Question 31

Shock

Answer 31

the first substage of the alarm reaction stage involving decreased bodily arousal for a brief period of time following the initial exposure to a stressor

Question 32

Stress

Answer 32

a psychological and biological experience that occurs when an individual encounters something of significance that demands their attention and/ or efforts to cope p. 102, 401, 424

Question 33

Stressful

Answer 33

an initial appraisal of a stimulus as a source of worry or emotional significance for the individual p. 115

Question 34

Stressor

Answer 34

a stimulus (internal or external) that prompts the stress response p. 102

Question 35

Threat

Answer 35

a further appraisal of a stressor as potentially causing damage for the individual in future p. 115

Question 36

Vagus nerve

Answer 36

the longest cranial nerve that connects the gut and the brain, enabling them to communicate