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Year 12 Psychology 2025 > Learning > Flashcards

Learning Flashcards

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1
Q

ARRMR

A

Attention, Retention, reproduction, motivation and reinforcement (stages/elements of Observational learning)

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2
Q

Role of the learner- Classical Conditioning

A

Passive

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3
Q

Role of the learner- Operant Conditioning

A

Active

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4
Q

Nature of the response- CC

A

Involuntary/reflexive

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5
Q

Nature of the response-OCC

A

Voluntary

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6
Q

Three-Phase Model- CC

A

Before, During and After

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7
Q

Three-Phase Model- OC

A

Antecedent/Discriminative stimulus, Behaviour, Consequence

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8
Q

ELEMENTS of Classical Conditioning

A

Neutral stimulus, Unconditioned stimulus, Unconditioned response, Conditioned Stimulus, Conditioned Response

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9
Q

PROCESSES in Classical Conditioning

A

Acquisition, Extinction, Spontaneous Recovery, Stimulus Discrimination and Stimulus Generalisation

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10
Q

Antecedent

A

a stimulus that causes a voluntary behaviour to occur p. 171

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11
Q

Attention

A

the first stage of observational learning. Learners must actively focus on the model in order to learn p. 180

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12
Q

Behaviour

A

a voluntary action in response to an antecedent p. 171

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13
Q

Classical conditioning

A

a model of learning in which organisms learn through the involuntary association of two or more stimuli p. 154, 432

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14
Q

Conditioned emotional responses

A

an emotional response to a stimulus that doesn?t naturally produce that response, learned through the process of classical conditioning p. 165

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15
Q

Conditioned response (CR)

A

a response caused by the conditioned stimulus p. 155

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16
Q

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

A

a stimulus that elicits a response due to its being paired with an unconditioned stimulus p. 155

17
Q

Consequence

A

an event following an action that makes it either more or less likely to occur again p. 171

18
Q

Model

A

the individual who is performing the behaviour that is being watched/ observed p.179

19
Q

Motivation

A

the fourth stage of observational learning. The learner must want to reproduce the behaviour in order for learning to occur p. 181

20
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

when a stimulus is removed in order to encourage a behaviour to occur again p. 172

21
Q

Neutral stimulus (NS)

A

a stimulus that does not initially elicit a response p. 155

22
Q

Observational learning

A

(also known as social learning, vicarious conditioning, or modelling) a type of learning that occurs through watching the actions of a model and the consequences that their actions receive p. 179

23
Q

Operant conditioning

A

learning through the association of a behaviour and the consequence it receives p. 170, 433

24
Q

Positive punishment

A

when a stimulus is added in order to discourage a behaviour from occurring again p. 172

25
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

when a stimulus is added in order to encourage a behaviour to occur again p. 172

26
Q

Punishment

A

(also known as positive punishment) a type of consequence that makes the behaviour less likely to occur again p. 172

27
Q

Reinforcement

A

a type of consequence that makes the behaviour more likely to occur again p. 172, 181

28
Q

Retention

A

Retention is the second step in the process of observational learning involving memory storage of the observed behaviour so that the behaviour may be reproduced when needed.

29
Q

Reproduction

A

the third stage of observational learning. The learner must have the physical and mental capabilities to reproduce the observed behaviour p. 180

30
Q

Response cost

A

Negative punishment & when a stimulus is removed in order to discourage a behaviour occurring again p. 172

31
Q

Unconditioned response (UCR)

A

a natural (unlearned) behaviour to a given stimulus p. 155

32
Q

Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

A

a stimulus that elicits a reflexive response p. 155

33
Q

Voluntary response

A

an action coordinated by the body that is performed with conscious control and intention p. 70

34
Q

Aboriginal Systems of Knowledge

A

knowledge and skills are based on interconnected social, physical, and spiritual understandings, and in turn, inform survival and contribute to a strong sense of identity.

35
Q

Country

A

place, law, spirituality, language, cultural practice, material sustenance, family and identity (much more than just the physical landscape)

36
Q

Patterned on Country

A

knowledge is developed and embedded through kinship relationships and that knowledge is encoded into the landscape.

37
Q

8 Ways of Aboriginal Learning

A

story sharing, learning maps, non-verbal, symbols/images, non-linear, land links, community links, deconstruct/reconstruct

Year 12 Psychology 2025 (10 decks)

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