Ethics Sub-deck

Question 1

Beneficience

Answer 1

Ethical concept
the commitment to maximising benefits
and minimising the risks and harms involved in taking a
particular position or course of action

Question 2

Confidentiality

Answer 2

Ethical guideline
the right of the participant for their personal details to remain private p. 31

Question 3

Debriefing

Answer 3

Ehtical guideline

occurs at the conclusion of an experiment and involves the researcher outlining the nature of the experiment to participants and includes ensuring that participants do not leave the experiment with lasting harm p. 31

Question 4

Deception

Answer 4

Ethical guideline
Is only permissible when participants knowing the true purpose of the experiment may affect their behaviour while participating in the study, and the subsequent validity of the experiment. The use of deception is discouraged in psychological research and used only when necessary.

Question 5

Ethics committee

Answer 5

a group of people who review research proposals, consider the potential risks, benefits and implications in order to either approve or disapprove them for research p. 30

Question 6

Informed consent

Answer 6

Ethical guideline

Ensure participants understand the nature and purpose of the experiment, including potential risks (both physical and psychological), before agreeing to participate in the study. Voluntary written consent should be obtained by the experimenter and if participants are unable to give this consent, then a parent or legal guardian should provide this.

Question 7

Non-maleficence

Answer 7

Ethical concept

(also known as the no-harm principle) the principle of avoiding causing harm

Question 8

Voluntary participation

Answer 8

Ethical guideline

Ensures that there is no coercion of or pressure put on the participant to partake in an experiment, and they freely choose to be involved.

Question 9

Withdrawal rights

Answer 9

the right of the participant to leave the study at any point, without fear of consequence p. 31

Question 10

Integrity

Answer 10

Ethical concept

The commitment to searching for knowledge and understanding, and the honest reporting of all sources of information and results, whether favourable or unfavourable, in ways that permit scrutiny and contribute to public knowledge and understanding.

Question 11

Justice

Answer 11

Ethical concept

The moral obligation to ensure that there is fair consideration of competing claims; that there is no unfair burden on a particular group from an action; and that there is fair distribution and access to the benefits of an action.

Question 12

Respect

Answer 12

Ethical concept

Involves consideration of the extent to which living things have an intrinsic value and/or instrumental value; giving due regard to the welfare, liberty and autonomy, beliefs, perceptions, customs and cultural heritage of both the individual and the collective; consideration of the capacity of living things to make their own decisions; and when living things have diminished capacity to make their own decisions, ensuring that they are empowered where possible and protected as necessary.