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History > Stresemann Years 1924-29 > Flashcards

Stresemann Years 1924-29 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Dawes Plan accepted?

A

Aug 1924

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2
Q

When is Hindenburg elected president?

A

April 1925

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3
Q

When are the Locarno treaties signed

A

Oct 1925

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4
Q

When does Germany join the League of Nations?

A

Sept 1926

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5
Q

When is the commercial treaty signed between Germany and France?

A

Aug 1927

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6
Q

Which election seen the Nationalist vote increase?

A

May 1924

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7
Q

Which election sees the socialist vote increase?

A

May 1928

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8
Q

When does the military evacuation of the Rhineland begin?

A

Sept 1929

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9
Q

When does Stresemann die?

A

Oct 1929

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10
Q

When is the Young Plan accepted?

A

Dec 1929

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11
Q

What position did Stresemann hold during this period

A

Foreign Minister

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12
Q

How was this period RELATIVELY stable?

A

Absence of attempts of extra-Parliamentary action in contrast to 1919-23

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13
Q

Why did the parliamentary system fail to mature/develop?

A

Parties as interest groups

Pre-1914 not all parties had experience of forming goes / compromise to create viable govs

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14
Q

What was the largest party on the right during this period?

A

Nationalist DNVP

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15
Q

How many seats did the DNVP and SPD win in the May 1924 elections

A

DNVP = 95

SPD = 100 (-71 seats)

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16
Q

What did the Dawes Plan (1924) propose? 3 things

A

Reparations paid over longer period of time

Credit advanced to help rebuild German economy

French to leave the Ruhr

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17
Q

How did the Dawes Plan (1924) get through the Reichstag? what effect did this have?

A

Supported by Nationalist DNVP

Led to other factions of the coalition to withdraw their support (DDP and Centre)

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18
Q

What effect did the passing of the Locarno treaties (1925) have on government?

A

Not supported by DNVP (in coalition)

Passed due to SPD support (out of coalition)

Led to collapse of government

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19
Q

What effect did the SPD’s refusal to collaborate w/ other parties have on the Republic?

A

Rejection of political responsibility –> weakened process of democracy –> contradicted concept of representation and accountability

PLAYED INTO THE HANDS OF OPPONENTS AND WEAKENED ITS POLITICAL LEGITIMACY

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20
Q

What effect did Hindenburg’s election have on SPD governmental participation?

A

made worse –> attempted to exclude SPD from all coalitions

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21
Q

Why did Hindenburg win the Presidency?

A

split in anti-Right vote

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22
Q

How did Hindenburg limit the possibility of ‘grand coalitions’ that covered the political spectrum? give an example

A

Often insisted on the inclusion of the nationalist DNVP

- 4th Marx government (1927) included DNVP

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23
Q

Give an example that demonstrates that Hindenburg believed the President’s powers should be unrestrained

A

Blocked a draft law (1926) that sought to define the use of Article 48

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24
Q

When was Luther’s minority coalition formed, when did it break down?

Which parties were in it?

A

Jan - May 1926

Centre, DVP, DNVP

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25
Q

Why did Luther’s minority coalition fail?

A

Vote of no-confidence after it gave the diplomatic corps to use the old imperial flag

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26
Q

Why was the May 1928 election an important turning point?

A

SPD prepared to form a coalition –> political polarisation that had occurred made this prospect impossible

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27
Q

How many seats did the SPD and KPD gain in the May 1928 elections?

A

SPD = +131

KPD = +45

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28
Q

Other than the SPD and KPD, who else saw their vote increase? (May 1928) give an example

A

SPLINTER PARTIES

e.g. Bauernbund +23 seats (farming interest)

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29
Q

What did the Young Plan (1929) propose? 3 points

A

germany to pay reparations until 1988

to pay 2,000 mil marks /year rather than 2,500 as laid out by Dawes Plan (1924)

French promised to vac Rhineland by June 1930 (5 years ahead of schedule)

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30
Q

What was the significance of the Freedom Law? 2 things

A

Attempt to oppose the Young Plan

Increased stature of Hitler

31
Q

When was the referendum for the Freedom Law held? What was its outcome

A

Dec 1929

Defeated and Young Plan passed

32
Q

Why did Muller’s grand coalition collapse and when?

A

over unemployment benefits, 1930

33
Q

How did the depression affect the government benefits system?

A

growing unemployment –> increasing strain on unemployment benefits system

34
Q

How did foreign investment increase monetary stability?

A

Influx of foreign capital (Dawes Plan, 1924) = 25.5bil marks

Enabled reconstruction of economy

35
Q

How did the delay of reparations increase monetary stability?

A

(stipulated by Dawes Plan) Stimulated inward capital investment –> industry experienced impressive growth rates

36
Q

What was the national income in 1928 in comparison to 1913?

A

+12%

37
Q

In what sense was this a period of economic stability, and how was it not?

A

Economic growth and currency stability

Unrest in industrial relations

38
Q

How many were unemployed in late 1928?

What does this suggest about later economic problems?

A

1928 = 3mil / 15% of workforce unemployed

Later economic problems had their roots in supposed years of stability

39
Q

In late 1928 what did the ironworks owners in the Ruhr do, and why?

A

Locked out +210,000 workers rather than accept the finding of arbitration that they had to pay higher wages

40
Q

why from 1925 did the DVP refuse to collaborate w/ the SPD?

A

DVP fought on behalf of industrialists to oppose increasing unemployment insurance contribution

41
Q

Which 2 laws passed in 1920 provided a framework of support upheld by the constitution?

A

The Reich Relief Law (1920)

Serious Disability Laws (1920)

42
Q

In 1924 how was the system of claiming benefits improved?

A

System for claiming relief and assessing needs of the claimants was codified

43
Q

By 1929 how much more was the state spending on housing than in 1913

A

33x more

44
Q

between 1927-30 how many homes were built/renovated?

A

300,000

45
Q

What was the effect of better health insurance? give 1 example

A

Reduction in deaths from certain diseases

1913 –> 119/10k people died from pneumonia
1928 –> 93/10k people died from pneumonia

46
Q

How did the NATURE of women’s work change?

A

Growing number of women in new areas of employment e.g. civil service, teaching, or social work

47
Q

What were the ATTITUDES towards women working? did they change in this period?

A

Generally conservative, no change

Condemnation of MARRIED working women

48
Q

How did criticism of married working women worsen during depression? What law reflects this?

A

1932 law allowed the dismissal of married working women from the civil service

49
Q

Through what law did the state attempt to improve the upbringing of the nations’s children?

What was wrong with it?

A

Reich Youth Law (1922) –> claimed the right of all children to a decent upbringing

Vague and difficult to fulfil in reality

50
Q

What was the name of the new style unique to Weimar? What did 2 things did it stress?

A

Neue Sachlichkiet

Stress on objectivity and matter-of-factness

51
Q

What movement was architecture dominated by? How was its influence shown?

A

Bauhaus movement

Design of new towns such as Weissenhof (1927) in Bauhaus style

52
Q

What were common themes in theatre and cinema?

A

Social issues of the period

53
Q

How was Neue Sachlichkiet used to criticise Weimar?

A

Used to expose weaknesses and injustices of Weimar society

54
Q

What was a common theme in writing on the left and right?

A

alienation from Republic

55
Q

How did the predominantly ‘conservative’ culture contrast w/ weimar culture? 2 points

A

Nostalgia and escapism contrasted w/ objectivity of Neue Sachlichkiet

Traditional tastes contrast w/ modernity of Bauhaus

56
Q

How did the legacy of war create divisions in culture?

A

Popular anti-democratic ‘destiny’ novels that glorified WWI (Author Junger)

anti-war novels by Renn

57
Q

Where did Weimar culture flourish?

A

Predominantly in cities such as Berlin and Munich

58
Q

What was the Locarno treaty? when was it signed?

A

1925 - it agreed on Germany’s new borders and formally agreed peace between Ger, France, UK, Belgium, and Italy

59
Q

When did Germany join the League of Nations?

A

1926

60
Q

What was the significance of Germany joining the League of Nations (1926)?

A

enabled German diplomats to work from within its structure for a revision of the Versailles treaty

61
Q

When was the Treaty of Berlin signed?

A

April 1926

62
Q

What was the significance of the Treaty of Berlin (1926)?

A

Agreement w/ Russia -

reconfirmed the terms of Rapallo (1922)

agreed neutrality in the event of an attack by a 3rd power

prompted Allies into a more sympathetic approach

63
Q

in Jan 1927 what did the Allies do?

A

Withdrew the IMCC which had been set up to oversee German disarmament

64
Q

In late 1926 what did the Allies do?

A

withdrew 60,000 troops that occupied the Rhineland

65
Q

What was signed between Germany and France in the late 1920s, what year exactly?

A

commercial treaty, 1927

66
Q

Why was the Locarno treaty signed? (1925)

A

There was the possibility in 1924 that France would attempt to extent their occupation of the Rhineland on the issue of security

67
Q

Give 3 examples of how German diplomatic influence was growing during this period

A

Absence of Locarno-style treaty for Germany’s eastern borders

Germany League of Nations (1926) gains permanent seat on council

Removal of IMCC (1927)

68
Q

What were the 2 major benefits of the Dawes Plan (1924) other than the reorganisation of reparations?

A

Strengthened Germany’s industrial base

Better relations w/ USA –> improved trade

69
Q

What 2 things did the Young Plan (1929) link together?

A

Evacuation of the Rhineland w/ the successful revision of the reparations programme

70
Q

How many people voted in favour of the Freedom Law (1929)?

A

5.8mil

71
Q

Over what did the 1925 Luther coalition break up over?

A

Treaty of Locarno

72
Q 
Why can these years only be referred to as 'relatively' stable?
in regards to:
Politics
Economy
Culture
A

Only relatively stable to the immediate and turbulent post-war years

Politics failed to mature/develop

Monetary stability disguised worsening industrial relations and growing unemployment

Cultural development undermined the Republic

73
Q

How did the lack of room for manoeuvre affect Stresemann’s policy?

A

He had no other choice but to carry out a policy of fulfilment

History (8 decks)

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