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Infection Diseases > Streptococci > Flashcards

Streptococci Flashcards

1
Q

What type of bacteria is streptococci?

A

Gram positive cocci

Strep - chains

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2
Q

What is haemolysis classification?

A

Breakdown of RBC in agar

Alpha - partial haemolysis - green appearance
Beta - complete haemolysis - yellow appearance
Non-haemolytic

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3
Q

What classification of haemolysis is streptococcus pyrogenes?

A

Beta

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4
Q

Describe beta haemolysis

A

Complete haemolysis
Yellow apearance

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5
Q

Describe alpha haemolysis

A

Partial haemolysis
Green appearance

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6
Q

Example of alpha haemolysis bacteria

A

Streptococci pneumoniae

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7
Q

Example of beta haemolysis bacteria

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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8
Q

What type of haemolytic strep have the lowest virulence?

A

Non-haemolytic

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9
Q

Describe streptococcus pyogenes

A

Lancefield group A beta haemolytic

Streptococcus - gram positive cocci chains

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10
Q

What can streptococcus pyogenes cause?

A

Bacterial pharyngitis
Tonsillitis
Scarlett fever
Rheumatic fever
Cellulitis
TSS
Impetigo

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11
Q

Treatment of streptococcus pyogenes

A

Penicillin V

Clarithromycin if resistance to penicillin

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12
Q

Virulence factors of streptococci pyogenes

A
  • Hyaluronic acid capsule - inhibit phagocytosis
  • M protein - disrupts respiratory burst of neutrophils
  • Streptokinase - breaks down blood clots
  • DNAases - degrade DNA
  • pyrogenic exotoxin - cleave igG
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13
Q

Complications of streptococcal pharyngitis

A

Scarlet fever
Suppurative (pus) complications
Acute rheumatic fever
Acute post-streptocccal glomerulonephritis

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14
Q

What is scarlet fever due to?

A

Infection of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin strain of streptoccal pyogenes

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15
Q

Signs + symptoms of scarlet fever

A

High fever
Sepsis
Rash
Arthritis
Jaundice

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16
Q

Suppurative complications of streptococcal pharyngitis

A

Forming/discharging pus

  • peritonsillar cellulits/abscess
  • retropharyngeal abscess
  • mastoiditis
  • sinusitis
  • otitis media
  • meningitis
  • brain abscess
17
Q

What is peritonsillar abscess?
What is it a complication of?

A

Area of pus filled tissue next to tonsil

Streptococcal pharyngitis

18
Q

What is a retropharngeal abscess?
What is it a complication of?

A

Collection of pus deep in back of throat

Streptococcal pharyngitis

19
Q

What is otitis media?
What is it a complication of?

A

Middle ear infection

Streptococcal pharyngitis

20
Q

What skin infections can streptocccus pyrogenes cause?

A

Impetigo
Cellulitis
Necrotising fasciitis
Erysipelas

21
Q

What is impetigo?
What is it caused by?

A

Skin infection forming pustules and yellow crusty sores

Glomerunephritis from streptococcus pyogenes

22
Q

When is impetigo normally seen?

A

Childhood
2-5 years

23
Q

What is acute rheumatic fever?

A

Inflammation of heart, joints, CNS…

24
Q

What is erysipelas?
What is it caused by?

A

Dermis infection with lymphatic involvement
Raised areas of erythema

Streptococcus pyogenes

25
Q

Presentation of erysipelas

A

Raised areas of erthyema on face + lower limbs

26
Q

What type of erysipelas frequently follows pharyngits?

A

Facial lesion

27
Q

What is lower limb erysipelas usually secondary to?

A

Invasion of skin via trauma, skin disease or local fungal infection

28
Q

What is necrotising fasciitis?

A

Infection of deeper subcutaneous tissue + fascia
Rapid extensive necrosis

29
Q

Outline toxic shock syndrome

A

Caused by entirely of strep pyogenes into bloodstream after deep tissue infection > bacteriaemia > vascular collapse > organ failure

30
Q

What is the severity of TTS determined by?

A

Endotoxin released by bacteria
Triggering T cells to give non-specific systemic inflammatory response > vascular collapse

31
Q

Treatment of necrotising fasciitis

A

IV antibiotics - penicillin
Antibody transfusion

32
Q

What organism is associated with TSS?

A

MRSA
Strep pyogenes

33
Q

What organism of Coagulase positive?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

34
Q

What does it mean if a bacteria is Coagulase positive?

A
  • Staphylococcus auerus converts fibrinogen > fibrin
  • Causes clot formation

Infection Diseases (22 decks)

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