Pneumonia

Question 1

what causes pneumonia?

Answer 1

streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
staphylococcus aureus

Question 2

gram stain of staphylococcus aureus

Answer 2

gram positive cocci in clusters

Question 3

gram stain of streptococcus pneumonia

Answer 3

gram positive diplococci

Question 4

gram stain of Haemophilus influenzae

Answer 4

gram negative coccobacillus

Question 5

what is pneumonia?

Answer 5

infection of alveoli in lungs

Question 6

symptoms of pneumonia

Answer 6

cough - dry or thick sputum
difficulty breathing
fever
tachycardia
chest pain
sweating + shivering

Question 7

mechanism of infection of pneumonia

Answer 7

normal flora of upper respiratory tract can cause lower respiratory tract infection (normally sterile)

Question 8

treatment of mild/moderate pneumonia

Answer 8

amoxicillin
(doxycycline is penicillin allergy)

Question 9

treatment of severe pneumonia

Answer 9

IV co-amoxiclav AND doxycycline
(cephalosporin + tetracycline if penicillin allergy) - protein synthesis inhibitors
rest
fluids

Question 10

What are the virulence factors of strep pneumoniae?

Answer 10

• polysaccharide capsule
• pili attached to bacteria - binds to epithelial cells of respiratory tract