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Microbio > strep and staph > Flashcards

strep and staph Flashcards

1
Q

is streptococcus gram positive or negative

A

negative

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2
Q

what is the shape of streptococcus

A

cocci. in pairs or chains

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3
Q

is streptococcus catalase negative or positive

A

negative

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4
Q

how is streptococcus classified

A

extent of rbc haemolysis

alpha haemolytic = partial
beta haemolytic = complete
gamme haemolytic = no haemolysis

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5
Q

how does alpha haemolytic streptococcus appear on blood agar

A

greenish

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6
Q

how to differentiate streptococcus penumoniae from other alpha haemolytic

A

optochin test. s pneumonia optochin sensitive the rest are optochin resistant

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7
Q

which streptococcus causes caries

A

s. mutans

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8
Q

what gram negative bacteria can cause infective endocarditis

A

alpha haemolytic

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9
Q

how does beta haemolytic streptococcus appear on blood agar

A

completely clear, translucent agar

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10
Q

what group of strep are s pyogenes and s agalactiae from

A

both beta haemolytic. s pyogenes group a, s agalactiae group b

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11
Q

what group is viridans streptococcus in

A

alpha haemolytic

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12
Q

what does s pneumoniae cause

A

community acquired pneumonia, meningitis, respiratory tract infection

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13
Q

what is characteristic of s pneumoniae on agar plate

A

draughtman’s colonies: depressed centre with elevated rim

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14
Q

how to treat s pneumoniae

A

penicillin, vancomycin if penicillin allergic, cephalosporins

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15
Q

what bacteria causes impetigo

A

group a (s pyogenes) beta haemolytic streptococcus and staph aureus

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16
Q

what causes characteristic erythematous rash in scarlet fever

A

erythrogenic toxins eg streptolysin, leukocidin produced by s pyogenes

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17
Q

who does s agalactiae affect

A

infected mother passes to baby during birth, causing neonatal meningitis, pneumonia, septicemia (prophylaxis with penicillin, amoxycillin)

18
Q

what kind of streptococcus is group d beta haemolytic

A

enterococcus

19
Q

is staphylococci gram positive or negative

A

positive

20
Q

what is the shape of staphylococci

A

cocci, in clusters like grapes

21
Q

is staphylococci aerobic

A

facultative anaerobe

22
Q

what is coagulase test used for

A

differentiate staph aureus from other commensal staphylococci. staph aureus is coagulase positive

23
Q

is s aureus sporing

A

no

24
Q

how does s aureus infect cells

A

extracellular proteins eg enzymes, toxins

25
Q

what does s aureus enterotoxin result in

A

vomiting and diarrhea, rapid onset (no need for antibiotics)

26
Q

which bacteria causes toxic shock syndrome

A

s aureus, produce toxin TST

27
Q

what bacteria has super antigen that stimulates enhanced t cell response

A

s aureus

28
Q

what do s aureus epidermolytic toxins causes

A

scalded skin syndrome

29
Q

what does localised s aureus infection cause

A

sappurative necrosis

30
Q

how to treat s aureus

A

do not use penicillin and amoxicillin. treat with cloxacillin.

MRSA resistant to Cloxacillin, treated with Vancomycin
if patient has penicillin allergy, give macrolides instead eg erythromycin, clarithromycin

31
Q

patient prescribed clindamycin for s aureus. experiences diarrhea. what happened

A

clostridium difficile associated diarrhea as good flora in gut cleared allowing cd to proliferate

32
Q

is coagulase negative staphylococci pathogenic

A

normal commensal bacteria, low pathogenicity. but may be able to cause low grade infections in immunocompromised

33
Q

example of coagulase negative staphylococci

A

s epidermis, s saprophyticus

34
Q

infection with honey crusted lesion caused by

A

s aureus, which can have golden appearance on agar plate. infection is impetigo

35
Q

what can cause intertrigo

A

sticky redness where skin rub together. most commonly caused by candida, can be caused by strep/staph

36
Q

tender track seen along forearm. cause?

A

lymphangitis. beta hemolytic strep or staph aureus invaded lymphatic vessel

37
Q

bilateral tender erythematous sections on face ie erysipelas caused by

A

group a strep

38
Q

what causes gas gangrene

A

mainly clostridium perfringens, but also staph and strep

39
Q

what bacteria class causes necrotising fasciitis

A

streptococci (strep mitis, beta haemolytic group a strep)

40
Q

what causes prosthetic joint infection

A

coagulase negative staph

41
Q

what causes septic arthritis

A

staph aureus

42
Q

what causes osteomyelitis

A

staph aureus typically. in <1y/o, may be due to coagulase negative staph ie skin commensals

Microbio (10 decks)

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