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Microbio > dental anaerobes > Flashcards

dental anaerobes Flashcards

1
Q

why is aspirate of pus better than swabs especially for anaerobes

A

swabs can get exposed to air

increased volume of pus better preserves anaerobe

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2
Q

what transport medium is necessary for anaerobe swab

A

amies transport medium

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3
Q

is clostridium gram negative or positive

A

gram positive

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4
Q

does clostridium form spores

A

yes

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5
Q

is clostridium is primary or secondary pathogen

A

primary pathogen. can infect healthy organism

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6
Q

what toxin does clostridium perfringens produce

A

alpha toxin lecithinase

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7
Q

what agar plate to use to differentiate clostridium perfringen from other clostridium species

A

nagler plate test. lecithinase break down lecithin, form opacity surrounding colony

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8
Q

clinical manifestations of clostridium perfringens

A

clostridium cellulitis, gas gangrene is clostridial myonecrosis, food poisoning (diarrhea)

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9
Q

how to treat gas gangrene caused by clostridium perfringens

A

benzylpenicillin. hyperbaric oxygen in severe cases to kill the anaerobes.

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10
Q

symptoms of gas gangrene

A

skin discolouration, fluid bleb, muscle necrosis, crepitation due to gas, x ray radiolucency

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11
Q

what is pigbel

A

clostridial necrotising enteritis found in undercooked pork

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12
Q

characteristic histological appearance of clostridium perfringens

A

box car. subterminal clostridial spore

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13
Q

where is spore of clostrium tetani located

A

terminally. drumstick appearance

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14
Q

what toxin does clostridium tetani produce and what is its effect

A

tetanospasmin which causes spastic paralysis

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15
Q

what bacteria can cause trismus and risus sardonicus

A

locked jaw, affected smile.

clostridium tetani

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16
Q

how does clostridium tetani infect tissues

A

unlike perfringens, bacteria does not spread through out tissues. produces toxins that spread through blood stream

17
Q

how to treat clostridium tetani

A

tetanus immunoglobulin and antibiotics. prevention using toxoid vaccine

18
Q

how does clostridium botulinum infect host

A

preformed toxin that blocks release of acetyl choline at neuromuscular junctions

19
Q

manifestation of clostridium botulinum

A

flaccid paralysis

20
Q

how to detect clostridium difficile

A

cytotoxicity assay using tissue culture technique, antibody based test, GDH enzy,e test (glutaraldehyde dehydrogenase uniquely associated with c difficile), PCR for toxin

21
Q

which bacteris is uniquely associated with GDH

A

clostridium difficile

22
Q

clinical manifestation of c difficile

A

pseudomembranous colitis, can progress to toxic megacolon whereby so much of mucosa is damaged, the colon stops moving and gas accumulates

23
Q

how can clostridium difficile progress

A

self limiting, or may become fulminant ie severe sudden onset

24
Q

how to treat CDAD

A

vancomycin first line, metronidazole second line

25
Q

most anaerobes are sporing or non sporing

A

non sporing. only clostridium sporing

26
Q

oral non sporing anaerobes usually sensitive to what antimicrobial

A

penicillin as majority do not produce penicillinase vs majority of GIT anaerobes that do produce penicillinase

27
Q

what bacteria can cause halitosis

A

non sporing anaerobes wich give off volatile compounds

28
Q

what kind of bacteria are tannerella forsythia, prevotella intermedia, porphyromonas gingivalis

A

gram negative anaerobic rods

strongly linked to periodontal disease

29
Q

what kind of bactera are bacteroides ie b fragilis

A

gram negative anaerobic rod, found mainly in gut

30
Q

what bacteria causes necrotising ulcerative gingivitis aka vincents infection aka trench mouth

A

fusobacterium nucleatum + oral treponemes (spirochetes)

31
Q

is actinomyces gram positive or negative? aerobic or anaerobic?

A

gram positive microaerophilic rod

32
Q

bacteria with branching. what bacteria is this?

A

actinomyces

33
Q

what bacteria responsible for progression of small carious lesions

A

actinomyces

34
Q

what antimicrobial is actinomyces resistant to. what should you treat it with

A

resistant to metronidazole. treat with penicillin.

35
Q

what bacteria responsible for aggressive periodontitis

A

aggregatibacter (capnophilic gram positive rod) also causes infective endocarditis

36
Q

what toxin does aggregatibacter produce

A

leukotoxin. jp2 clone overproduces leukotoxin, raising risk of aggressive periodontitis

37
Q

how to treat dento alveolar infection

A

drain pus –> remove source –> antibiotics in selected cases, usually not needed

38
Q

what is ludwig angina

A

bilateral infection of sublingual, submandibular spaces. mixed endogenous infection. usually secondary to dental/post extraction infection. may spread to brain and cause brain abscess

Microbio (10 decks)

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