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Microbio > legionella neisseria mycoplasma chlamydia > Flashcards

legionella neisseria mycoplasma chlamydia Flashcards

1
Q

is legionella gram positive or negative

A

gram negative

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2
Q

why is legionella fastidious

A

special culture media required. require L cysteine for growth, enhanced by inclusion of iron salts

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3
Q

describe staining of legionella

A

thin, faintly staining rods

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4
Q

where is legionella found

A

water, moist environment. colonise most domestic water systems, humidifiers, water sprinklers, dental unit water systems

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5
Q

what organism is important for the survival and growth of legionella in nature

A

protozoa

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6
Q

how does legionella multiply in humans

A

multiply intracellularly, in macrophages and monocytes

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7
Q

what disease can legionella cause

A

legionnaires disease: pneumonia with symptoms of systemic disease. transmission by contaminated aerosol producing devices, not contagious

pontiac fever: short fever with no pneumonia, self limiting

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8
Q

what agar plate is used to visualise legionella

A

broncho-alveolar lavage: immunofluorescent stain, culture on BCYE agar

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9
Q

how to diagnose legionella

A

broncho alveolar lavage, antigen detection in urine (only serotype 1), serology

hard to see in gram stain

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10
Q

how to treat legionella

A

fluoroquinolones, macrolides

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11
Q

how to clear dental unit water system of legionella

A

purge with disinfectants effects in liquid phase against established biofilms

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12
Q

is neisseria gram negative or positive

A

gram negative

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13
Q

what are the growth requirements of neisseria

A

enhanced by humidity, co2

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14
Q

where is neisseria meningitidis carried in host

A

carried asymptomatically in the nasopharynx

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15
Q

how is neisseria meningitidis transmitted

A

respiratory droplet or close contact

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16
Q

which serogroups of neisseria meningitidies responsible for invasive infection leading to meningitis, meningococcaemia, septicemia + meningitis

A

A, B, C, W, X, Y

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17
Q

what medium is neisseria gonorrhae cultured on

A

thayer martin medium which suppresses growth of bacteria that is not neisseria (direct plating best)

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18
Q

what swabs can be used for neisseria gonorrhae culture

A

males can use urethral discharge. femals cannot use gram stain as a lot of other colonising bacteria in vaginal discharge, use culture or PCR test

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19
Q

how to treat meningococcus

A

benzylpenicillin, ceftriazone, meropenem (does not clear throat carriage)

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20
Q

how to treat gonococcus

A

ceftriazone, azithromycin

ciprofloxacin resistant

21
Q

symptom of meningococcus

A

skin rash

22
Q

symptoms of gonococcus

A

discharge, pain on urination ie dysuria for males

for females, early infection asymptomatic.
may later see vaginal discharge, dysuria, intermenstrual bleeding. ascending infection may occcur from endocervical site, ascend to uterua and form scar, resulting in sterilisation or salpingitis (pelvis inflammation)

23
Q

what can gonococcus cause in babies

A

gonococca ophthalmia neonatorum – blindness due to bilateral conjunctivitis following vaginal delivery from infected mother

24
Q

chlamydia is a small obligate intracellular pathogen that cannot be visualised by gram stain because it lacks

A

peptidoglycan

25
Q

where in host cell does chlamydia replicate

A

in host cell cytoplasm, forming intracellular inclusions (reticulate bodies)

extracellular form is elementary body

26
Q

does chlamydia provide immunity after initial infection

A

no

27
Q

what kind of cells are chlamydia cultures in for forensic purposes

A

mccoy cells

28
Q

how to diagnose chlamydia trachomatis

A

pcr (urine or swab). serology not useful for std but high igm may be of value in systemic infection

antigen detection/immunofluorescence not accurate enough
culture not available in routine labs, and mianly for forensic purposes

29
Q

how to diagnose chlamydia pneumoniae and psittcaci

A

serology, microscopy by direct immunofluorescence, pcr

30
Q

which chlamydia strain responsible for std infection

A

c. trachomatis (serotypes d to k)

31
Q

symptoms of c trachomatis infection

A

usually asymptomatic. can cause urethritis, dysuria, pyuria, cervicitis, salpingitis

32
Q

what is trachoma

A

caused by c trachomatis

scarring of conjunctiva, conjunctiva contracts and eyelash pulled to surface of eye, scratching it, causing blindness

33
Q

name some symptoms of lymphogranuloma venereum (c trachomatis, uncommon in developed countries, serotypes L1, L2, L3)

A

inflammation of lymph ducts and nodes, ulcers, genital papules and ulcers, inguinal lymphadenopathy, fever, headache, myalgia

34
Q

what is reiter’s arthritis caused by

A

c trachomatis serotypes d to k. 1 to 3 weeks post infection. dysuria, conjunctiva, arthritis. can’t pee, can’t see, can’t climb a tree

35
Q

treatment for chlamydia trachomatis

A

doxycyline, azithromycin, erythromycin

36
Q

where is chlamydia psittacci found in environment

A

bird droppings

37
Q

how does c psittaci spread in the body

A

haematogenous spread to the spleen and liver

38
Q

clinical effects of c pneumoniae

A

sporadic, atypical pneumonia, dry cough

39
Q

how does chlamydia infect cells

A

infect non ciliated epithelial cells and stimulate infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes leading to fibrosis. immune modulating properties.

40
Q

why is mycoplasma able to pass through filters used to remove bacteria

A

smallest free living bacteria 0.2-0.3um

41
Q

why are beta lactams ineffective against mycoplasma

A

no cell wall hence no PBP

42
Q

why is mycoplasma fastidious

A

require preformed nucleic acid precursors and cholesterol

43
Q

describe mycoplasma growth on agar

A

colonies can be seen with naked eye

44
Q

why are mycoplasma not found in the environment

A

require host cell for nutrients

45
Q

what are the toxic metabolic products of m pneumoniae

A

hydrogen peroxide superoxide radicals

46
Q

clinical presentation of m pneumoniae

A

tracheobronchitis, atypical pneumonia, pharyngitis, croup, fever, headache, non productive cough

47
Q

does m pneumoniae provide immunity after infection

A

no

48
Q

how to diagnose mycoplasma pneumonae

A

special culture media enriched by pepton basal medium with yeast extract

serology (cold agglutinin, elisa igm, complement fixation)

PCR

49
Q

effect of mycoplasma on salivary glands if it is found there

A

hypofunction

Microbio (10 decks)

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