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Microbio > enterobacteria and pseudomonads > Flashcards

enterobacteria and pseudomonads Flashcards

1
Q

enterobacteria are gram

A

negative

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2
Q

what shape are enterobacteria

A

non spore forming rods

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3
Q

do enterobacteria usually colonise oral cavity

A

no. transient, non resident members

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4
Q

what are the two types of enterobacteria. name examples and state how they are differentiated

A

lactose fermenting: ecoli, klebsiella (pink on macconkey agar)

non lactose fermenting: salmonella, shigella (colourless on macconkey agar)

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5
Q

why is klebsiella so virulent

A

encapsulated. capsule is virulence factor

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6
Q

are enterobacteria aerobic

A

facultative anaerobes

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7
Q

do enterobacteria have oxidase

A

no. oxidase negative

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8
Q

where are enterobacteria usually found

A

normal intestinal flora

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9
Q

what factors increase risk of enterobacteria carriage

A

hospitalisation especially long stay, terminally ill patients

immunocompromised

mucositis (damage caused by mucositis allow gram negative to penetrate mucosa)

xerostomia because dry mouth allow gram negative to displace normal flora

diabetes, alcoholism

antibiotic treatment altering normal oral flora

loss of normal airway protection eg due to airway intubation, causing reflux of gi organisms

change in adherence factors. commensal bacteria attach to mucosal cells lose adherence allow gram neg to take over

respiratory disease

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10
Q

how to test for type of enterobacteria (4)

A

serological agglutination test
oxidation glucose fermentation
Kliger iron agar slants
MALDI-TOF

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11
Q

are e coli gram negative or positive

A

negative. enterobacteria

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12
Q

what can e coli cause

A

community UTI, neonatal septicemia, meningitis, post operative abdominal sepsis, diarrhea

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13
Q

what toxin does enterohaemorrhagic e coli produce

A

shiga toxin

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14
Q

what can klebsiella cause

A

hospita associated pathogen that can cause UTI, pneumonia, biliary tract infections, wound infections, bacteremia, meningitis, liver abscess

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15
Q

what enterobacteria has highly mucoid strains

A

klebsiella, due to overproduction of capsule

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16
Q

what is klebsiella resistant to

A

ampicillin, amoxicillin due to presence of intrinsiv enzymes

17
Q

what is enterobacter resistant to

A

cephalosporins, intrinsic resistance

18
Q

what enterobacteria forms frons on the agar plate

A

proteus due to swarming motility. has hundreds of petrichous flagella

19
Q

what does typhoidal salmonella cause

A

enteric fever

20
Q

how does enteric fever invade body

A

bacteria invade intestinal lymphoid tissue (eyer’s patches) and disseminates through bloodstream. reproduces in macrophages

21
Q

how is enteric fever spread

A

salmonella typhi/paratyphi are foodborne

22
Q

clinical symptoms of enteric fever

A

prolonged fever, diarrhea/constipation, rose spots on abdominal skin, hepatosplenomegaly, intestinal perforation

23
Q

why can stool culture be used to diagnose salmonella typhi infection

A

bacteria may be carried in stool for a long time after patient has clinically recovered and spread to others

24
Q

what does non typhoidal salmonella cause

A

gastroenteritis. may cause invasive disease in immunocompromised hosts

25
Q

what is the source of non typhoidal salmonella

A

animals

26
Q

is non typhoidal salmonella self limiting

A

yes. if invasive, no, need antibiotics though antibiotics tend to suppress normal flora rather than salmonella

27
Q

are pseudomonads gram positive or negative

A

negative

28
Q

are pseudomonads motile

A

yes

29
Q

are pseuodomonads oxidase positive or negative

A

positive

30
Q

where can pseudomonads be found

A

wet environmnet

31
Q

what bacteria can be commonly found in dental unit water lines

A

p aeruginosa

32
Q

why is p aeruginosa able to survive in dental unit water lines

A

able to survive on little nutrients, in disinfectants. survives in biofilms

33
Q

what is malignant otitis externa

A

p aeruginosa infection in diabetics. infection at face tissues, can spread to bone

34
Q

why is p aeruginosa hard to eradicate from implants

A

biofilm

35
Q

what media is used for burkholderia pseudomallei

A

pseudomonad. ashtile media (dry, crinkly appearance)

36
Q

what are common causes of maxillary sinus infection

A

p aeruginosa in immunocompromised. s pneumoniae in kids

37
Q

what are coliforms

A

gram negative, rod shaped, non spore forming, facultative anaerobe, ferment lactose and produce gas and acid in the process

38
Q

why can macconkey grow coliforms

A

contains bile salts to inhibit non intestinal bacteria and contains lactose with neutral red to distinguish pink or red lactose fermenting oclonies eg ecoli from non fermenting pale yellow colonies eg salmonella shigella

Microbio (10 decks)

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