Strength Flashcards
What is static strength?
Sporting example
A type of strength where force is applied against a resistance without any movement occurring.
Handstand in gymnastics
What is dynamic strength?
Sporting example?
A type of strength characterised by movement. Also known as power output
– triple jump
What is Maximum Strength?
Sporting example?
Max strength is the ability to produce maximal amount of force in a single muscular contraction.
An Olympic weightlifter performing a deadlift or single throw in judo as well as Rugby scrum could be all examples of max strength.
What is explosive strength?
Sporting example
Explosive strength is the ability to produce maximal amount of force in one or a series of rapid muscular contractions.
Sprinters, long jump, high jump, sprinting down the wing in rugby or hockey etc.
What is strength endurance?
Sporting example?
Strength endurance is the ability to sustain repeated muscular contractions over a period of time withstanding fatigue.
Rowing or swimming
What are the 4 affecting factors?
Cross-sectional areas
Fibre type
Gender
Age
How does Cross-sectional areas affect strength?
The greater the cross-sectional area of the muscle, the greater the strength.
How does Fibre type affect strength?
The greater percentage of FG and FOG fibres, the greater the strength over a short period of time.
How does Gender affect strength?
Males have a higher strength than females
How does age affect strength?
Peak strength is reached in females at 16-25 years and males at 18-30 years. Strength development peaks at 20-30 years. Strength thereafter decreased with age.
What are the 3 adaptations of strength?
Neural pathways
Muscle and connective tissues
Metabolic function
Neural pathways
Structural adaptations ?
Functional effect?
Increase recruitment of motor units and FG and Fog fibre types
Increased force of contraction
- Improve co-ordination and simultaneous stimulation of motor units
Muscle and connective tissues
Structural adaptations ?
Functional effect?
Muscle hypertrophy (cross-sectional area 20-45 per cent increase) Muscle hyperplasia (Increase in number of muscle fibres leading to increased force production)
Increased force of contraction
Maximum and explosive training will increase the size of FG fibres
Strength endurance training will increase the size of FOG fibre
Metabolic function
Structural adaptations ?
Functional effect?
Increased ATP – phosphocreatine and glycogen stores
Increased capacity for alactic (very high intensity) energy production
- Increased energy for speed and power-based activities
