Skeletal system Flashcards
What are the 5 functions of the skeleton?
Protection Support Mineral storage Movement Red blood cell production
How is the skeletal system divided?
Axial system
Appendicular system
Name 3 bones in the Axial system?
Skull
Thoracic girdle
Vertebral column
Name 2 bones in the Appendicular system?
Shoulder girdle and upper limbs
Pelvic girdle and lower limbs
What are the 3 Classes of Joint?
Cartilaginous
Fibrous
Synovial
Explain Fibrous joints?
Fibrous where the joints interlock and are bonded by tough fibre e.g. Found in the skull (cranium)
Explain Cartilaginous joint?
Cartilaginous
where the bones are held together by ligament straps and are jcartilageoined by pads of
e.g. found in the spine (vertebral joints)
Explain Synovial joint?
Synovial
where the bones articulate about a fluid filled joint
e.g. found in the shoulder, hip, knee & elbow
synovial joint has four main distinguishing features, what are they?
Ligament
Synovial fluid
Articular cartilage
Joint capsule
Structure and function of a Ligament
A band of strong fibrous tissue
To connect bone to bone
Structure and function of a Synovial fluid
A slippery fluid contained in the joint cavity
To reduce friction between the articular cartilage in the joint
Structure and function of a Articular cartilage
Glassy-smooth cartilage that is spongy and covers the bones in the joint
To absorb shock and to prevent friction between the ends of the bones in the joint
Structure and function of a Joint capsule
A tough and fibrous tissue that has two layers
The fibrous capsule helps to strengthen the joint, while the synovial membrane lines the joint and secretes synovial fluid
Name some synovial joints?
Hinge – e.g. elbow,knee Pivot – e.g. neck (atlas/axis) Saddle – e.g. thumb Condyloid – e.g. wrist Ball & Socket – e.g. hip, shoulder Gliding - e.g. spine
Name 3 planes of movement?
Frontal
Sagittal
Transverse
